Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is considered a key focus of geropsychology in the Canadian context?
A) The study of cognitive decline in children
B) Understanding aging-related mental health issues
C) Analyzing neurological disorders in young adults
D) Researching the effects of childhood trauma on adulthood
Answer: B) Understanding aging-related mental health issues
Which theory of aging suggests that psychological and social functioning is optimized when individuals successfully adjust to aging and life changes?
A) Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
B) Disengagement Theory
C) Activity Theory
D) Continuity Theory
Answer: D) Continuity Theory
In Canada, which program is designed to address the mental health needs of older adults, particularly those dealing with isolation and depression?
A) The Healthy Aging Program
B) The Older Adults Mental Health Program
C) The Canadian Depressive Elderly Initiative
D) Seniors’ Wellness Program
Answer: B) The Older Adults Mental Health Program
Which of the following is a common cognitive change seen in older adults?
A) Increased processing speed
B) Decreased working memory
C) Enhanced abstract thinking
D) Improved multitasking
Answer: B) Decreased working memory
What is the primary focus of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)?
A) Studying the impact of physical exercise on aging
B) Understanding the biopsychosocial aspects of aging
C) Investigating the genetics of longevity
D) Researching the effects of nutrition on cognitive decline
Answer: B) Understanding the biopsychosocial aspects of aging
Which of the following is a characteristic of successful aging, as defined in the psychology of aging?
A) Physical health decline
B) Emotional regulation and resilience
C) Complete social withdrawal
D) Increased dependency on others
Answer: B) Emotional regulation and resilience
In terms of social relationships in older adults, what is the term for reducing the number of social interactions but maintaining close and meaningful ones?
A) Social disengagement
B) Social selectivity
C) Social isolation
D) Social fluidity
Answer: B) Social selectivity
Which cognitive theory suggests that aging adults adapt by changing their strategies to maintain functioning in the face of challenges?
A) Cognitive Decline Theory
B) Cognitive Reserve Theory
C) Plasticity Theory
D) The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Answer: C) Plasticity Theory
Which Canadian health initiative aims to address the mental and physical well-being of seniors, particularly focusing on issues like chronic disease management and mobility?
A) Canadian Seniors’ Healthy Aging Strategy
B) Canada Health Aging Policy
C) Age-Friendly Communities Program
D) National Aging Health Initiative
Answer: C) Age-Friendly Communities Program
Which of the following is an example of ageism in Canadian society?
A) Actively including seniors in community activities
B) Promoting the value of seniors’ experiences in the workplace
C) Making assumptions about older adults’ abilities based on stereotypes
D) Supporting policies for senior citizens in healthcare
Answer: C) Making assumptions about older adults’ abilities based on stereotypes
What role does neuroplasticity play in the psychology of aging?
A) It decreases with age and has no effect on cognition
B) It refers to the brain’s ability to form new connections and adapt
C) It leads to irreversible cognitive decline
D) It has no significant impact in older adulthood
Answer: B) It refers to the brain’s ability to form new connections and adapt
Which of the following factors is most strongly associated with cognitive decline in aging individuals?
A) High levels of physical activity
B) Regular social interaction
C) Chronic health conditions such as hypertension or diabetes
D) High education levels
Answer: C) Chronic health conditions such as hypertension or diabetes
In terms of aging and memory, older adults typically show a decline in which type of memory?
A) Implicit memory
B) Episodic memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Procedural memory
Answer: B) Episodic memory
What is the most common mental health disorder among older adults in Canada?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Depression
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Bipolar disorder
Answer: B) Depression
Which factor is most likely to contribute to improved well-being in older adults in Canada?
A) Increased solitude
B) Regular physical exercise
C) Decreased social interactions
D) Reduced mental stimulation
Answer: B) Regular physical exercise
Which of the following is a typical concern for older adults related to their identity in the aging process?
A) Identity exploration
B) Maintaining a sense of continuity
C) Overcoming identity confusion
D) Increased focus on future goals
Answer: B) Maintaining a sense of continuity
Which of the following Canadian programs provides support for the mental health of older adults in long-term care facilities?
A) Seniors’ Psychological Wellness Program
B) Long-Term Care Mental Health Support
C) Canadian Elderly Mental Health Initiative
D) Mental Health and Aging Strategy
Answer: B) Long-Term Care Mental Health Support
What is the “life review” process in older adults?
A) A period of nostalgia focused solely on regrets
B) Reflecting on one’s life to find meaning and resolve past conflicts
C) A decline in cognitive capacity to remember events
D) A focus on future aspirations and ambitions
Answer: B) Reflecting on one’s life to find meaning and resolve past conflicts
Which term refers to the tendency for older adults to focus on positive experiences and minimize negative ones?
A) Positive Aging Bias
B) Socioemotional Selectivity
C) Age-Related Positivity Effect
D) Emotional Stability Bias
Answer: B) Socioemotional Selectivity
Which of the following is a critical area of research in Canadian geriatric psychology?
A) Cognitive impairment in childhood
B) The relationship between aging and chronic disease
C) Early interventions for adolescent mental health
D) The psychology of early adulthood career choices
Answer: B) The relationship between aging and chronic disease
What is a primary challenge associated with aging in Canadian rural communities?
A) Access to healthcare and social services
B) High levels of family support
C) Low levels of chronic diseases
D) Abundant resources for aging well
Answer: A) Access to healthcare and social services
Which of the following is a psychological challenge faced by older adults living alone in Canada?
A) Improved social support
B) Increased feelings of isolation and loneliness
C) High rates of employment
D) Decreased need for healthcare services
Answer: B) Increased feelings of isolation and loneliness
Which of the following strategies is effective in promoting cognitive health in older adults?
A) Avoiding new learning opportunities
B) Social isolation
C) Engaging in mentally stimulating activities
D) Reducing physical activity
Answer: C) Engaging in mentally stimulating activities
Which of the following is a significant factor in improving the quality of life for Canadian seniors?
A) Financial independence alone
B) Participation in community programs and social activities
C) Strict adherence to medical routines
D) Reduced communication with family members
Answer: B) Participation in community programs and social activities
Which of the following best describes the “selective optimization with compensation” model in aging?
A) Focusing on fewer goals but compensating for losses through adaptive strategies
B) The inevitable decline in all cognitive functions
C) The process of withdrawing from society in older age
D) The ability to avoid negative emotional experiences entirely
Answer: A) Focusing on fewer goals but compensating for losses through adaptive strategies
Which of the following is a risk factor for dementia in older adults?
A) Regular physical exercise
B) Strong social support
C) Chronic alcohol consumption
D) Balanced nutrition
Answer: C) Chronic alcohol consumption
Which factor is least likely to contribute to elder abuse in Canada?
A) Social isolation
B) Caregiver stress
C) Strong community engagement
D) Financial dependency
Answer: C) Strong community engagement
Which of the following best describes the concept of “age-friendly communities” in Canada?
A) Communities that focus on isolating older adults to ensure safety
B) Communities that promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of older adults
C) Communities that limit access to public transportation for seniors
D) Communities that cater exclusively to younger populations
Answer: B) Communities that promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of older adults
Which Canadian province has the highest percentage of seniors in its population?
A) Ontario
B) British Columbia
C) Quebec
D) Newfoundland and Labrador
Answer: D) Newfoundland and Labrador
Which psychological theory argues that individuals maintain their sense of self by adjusting to the realities of aging?
A) Disengagement Theory
B) Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
C) Continuity Theory
D) Activity Theory
Answer: C) Continuity Theory
Which of the following is a key aspect of elder care in Canadian nursing homes that impacts the mental health of seniors?
A) Physical exercise programs
B) Access to recreational therapies and socialization
C) Strictly medication-based treatment
D) Encouraging isolation for safety reasons
Answer: B) Access to recreational therapies and socialization
Which of the following is an important factor in helping older adults adapt to changes in their cognitive functioning?
A) Complete reliance on family members
B) Providing opportunities for new learning experiences and mental challenges
C) Limiting social interaction to avoid confusion
D) Discouraging independence and decision-making
Answer: B) Providing opportunities for new learning experiences and mental challenges
Which psychological model of aging emphasizes that older adults adjust to their life changes by selecting specific goals, optimizing their skills, and compensating for losses?
A) Social Selectivity Model
B) Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
C) Selective Optimization with Compensation
D) Lifespan Development Theory
Answer: C) Selective Optimization with Compensation
In Canada, which federal program provides financial assistance to seniors to help them maintain their quality of life?
A) Canada Pension Plan (CPP)
B) Senior’s Health Benefits Program
C) Old Age Security (OAS)
D) Senior Citizen Welfare Fund
Answer: C) Old Age Security (OAS)
What type of memory is most likely to remain stable or even improve with age in older adults?
A) Procedural memory
B) Episodic memory
C) Working memory
D) Semantic memory
Answer: A) Procedural memory
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