Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Coronary artery spasm
C. Atherosclerosis
D. Myocarditis
Answer: C. Atherosclerosis
Which enzyme is typically elevated in the blood during a myocardial infarction?
A. Amylase
B. Troponin
C. Lipase
D. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Answer: B. Troponin
The patient is experiencing chest pain, nausea, and diaphoresis. The nurse suspects a myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the first priority in nursing management?
A. Administer morphine
B. Administer aspirin
C. Obtain an ECG
D. Administer oxygen
Answer: D. Administer oxygen
A 58-year-old male with a history of smoking and hypertension presents with crushing chest pain. His ECG shows ST elevation. Which type of myocardial infarction does this patient most likely have?
A. STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction)
B. NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction)
C. Unstable angina
D. Stable angina
Answer: A. STEMI
Which medication is commonly given to a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction to reduce platelet aggregation?
A. Beta blockers
B. Thrombolytics
C. Aspirin
D. Calcium channel blockers
Answer: C. Aspirin
What is the primary function of the fibrinolytic therapy used in treating myocardial infarction?
A. Reduces blood pressure
B. Reduces inflammation in the heart
C. Dissolves the blood clot obstructing the coronary artery
D. Decreases heart rate
Answer: C. Dissolves the blood clot obstructing the coronary artery
A patient with myocardial infarction is receiving nitroglycerin. Which of the following assessments is most important?
A. Respiratory rate
B. Blood pressure
C. Oxygen saturation
D. Blood glucose
Answer: B. Blood pressure
A nurse is caring for a patient post-myocardial infarction. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care to prevent complications?
A. Encourage physical activity immediately
B. Monitor for signs of bleeding if receiving anticoagulants
C. Increase sodium intake to prevent hypotension
D. Administer diuretics to manage hypertension
Answer: B. Monitor for signs of bleeding if receiving anticoagulants
Which of the following is a potential complication of a myocardial infarction?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Heart failure
D. Peptic ulcer disease
Answer: C. Heart failure
A patient is diagnosed with a myocardial infarction and is scheduled for coronary angiography. What is the primary purpose of this procedure?
A. To assess heart function
B. To visualize coronary artery blockages
C. To measure cardiac output
D. To monitor the effects of medications
Answer: B. To visualize coronary artery blockages
Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD)
Which of the following is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
A. Edema in the lower legs
B. Intermittent claudication
C. Jugular vein distention
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Intermittent claudication
What is the main difference between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and peripheral venous disease (PVD)?
A. PAD is associated with poor venous return, while PVD is related to arterial obstruction.
B. PAD causes leg swelling, while PVD leads to leg pain.
C. PAD involves arterial narrowing, while PVD involves venous insufficiency.
D. PAD is associated with varicose veins, while PVD is associated with ulcers.
Answer: C. PAD involves arterial narrowing, while PVD involves venous insufficiency.
What is the most important nursing intervention for a patient with acute peripheral arterial occlusion?
A. Apply warm compresses to the affected limb
B. Elevate the affected limb above the heart
C. Administer anticoagulants as ordered
D. Encourage ambulation to improve circulation
Answer: C. Administer anticoagulants as ordered
A patient with peripheral vascular disease complains of swelling in the lower legs. Which of the following should the nurse prioritize when assessing this patient?
A. Assess the presence of pedal pulses
B. Check for signs of infection
C. Measure the circumference of the leg
D. Encourage the patient to rest the legs
Answer: A. Assess the presence of pedal pulses
A nurse is teaching a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?
A. Increase sodium intake to reduce swelling
B. Quit smoking to improve circulation
C. Engage in vigorous exercise to increase blood flow
D. Wear tight compression stockings to prevent swelling
Answer: B. Quit smoking to improve circulation
Which of the following is a common risk factor for peripheral vascular disease?
A. Chronic low blood pressure
B. High cholesterol
C. Frequent use of aspirin
D. Excessive fluid intake
Answer: B. High cholesterol
For a patient with chronic venous insufficiency, which intervention would be most beneficial in preventing complications?
A. Apply compression stockings to improve venous return
B. Elevate the legs above the heart for several hours a day
C. Limit fluid intake to prevent edema
D. Avoid movement in the legs to reduce venous pressure
Answer: A. Apply compression stockings to improve venous return
Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated peripheral arterial disease?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Gangrene
D. Stroke
Answer: C. Gangrene
In which stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) does a patient typically experience resting pain, ulcers, and gangrene?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
Answer: D. Stage 4
A patient with peripheral vascular disease has a non-healing wound on the leg. Which of the following interventions would help promote healing?
A. Use cold compresses to reduce swelling
B. Elevate the leg frequently to improve blood flow
C. Apply tight dressings to control drainage
D. Limit movement to rest the leg
Answer: B. Elevate the leg frequently to improve blood flow
What is the primary pharmacologic treatment for a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who is experiencing intermittent claudication?
A. Antiplatelet therapy
B. Statins
C. Pentoxifylline
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Answer: C. Pentoxifylline
Which of the following is a common symptom of venous insufficiency?
A. Cool extremities
B. Pulseless legs
C. Brown pigmentation of the skin
D. Intermittent claudication
Answer: C. Brown pigmentation of the skin
Which procedure is used to treat severe peripheral artery disease (PAD) by bypassing a blocked artery?
A. Angioplasty
B. Endarterectomy
C. Arterial bypass surgery
D. Thrombolytic therapy
Answer: C. Arterial bypass surgery
Which test is commonly used to assess blood flow and diagnose peripheral artery disease?
A. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
B. Doppler ultrasound
C. Echocardiogram
D. Chest X-ray
Answer: B. Doppler ultrasound
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of peripheral vascular disease who is experiencing an acute episode of pain and pallor in the affected limb. Which of the following actions should the nurse take immediately?
A. Elevate the affected limb
B. Massage the affected limb
C. Keep the affected limb warm
D. Notify the healthcare provider
Answer: D. Notify the healthcare provider
What is a common clinical finding in a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with peripheral vascular disease?
A. Cyanosis of the toes
B. Pitting edema in the affected leg
C. Loss of hair on the legs
D. Hyperpigmented skin
Answer: B. Pitting edema in the affected leg
A patient with peripheral vascular disease complains of leg pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest. This symptom is known as:
A. Claudication
B. Dizziness
C. Palpitations
D. Cyanosis
Answer: A. Claudication
Which of the following is a non-surgical intervention for managing peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
A. Amputation of the affected limb
B. Antiplatelet therapy and exercise
C. Compression stockings for arterial occlusion
D. Endovenous laser therapy
Answer: B. Antiplatelet therapy and exercise
Which is a common sign of chronic venous insufficiency?
A. Severe pain in the lower extremities
B. Cyanosis of the skin
C. Swollen, varicose veins
D. Presence of pedal pulses
Answer: C. Swollen, varicose veins
For a patient with severe claudication due to peripheral artery disease, what is an important goal of treatment?
A. Increase blood flow to the affected extremity
B. Decrease oxygen consumption by the leg muscles
C. Improve the arterial blood pressure
D. Avoid all physical activity to prevent pain
Answer: A. Increase blood flow to the affected extremity
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.