Sample Questions and Answers
- Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?
A. Jugular vein distension
B. Peripheral edema
C. Pulmonary congestion
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: C. Pulmonary congestion - What is the most appropriate diet for a patient with chronic heart failure?
A. High-protein diet
B. Low-sodium diet
C. High-fat diet
D. Low-carbohydrate diet
Answer: B. Low-sodium diet - A patient is diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following complications is the patient most at risk for?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Myocardial infarction
Answer: B. Atrial fibrillation - Which medication is commonly prescribed to reduce preload in patients with heart failure?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Loop diuretics
D. Anticoagulants
Answer: C. Loop diuretics - In heart failure, which diagnostic test is most useful for assessing ejection fraction?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Echocardiogram
C. Cardiac catheterization
D. Stress test
Answer: B. Echocardiogram - Which clinical finding is characteristic of right-sided heart failure?
A. Frothy sputum
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Ascites
D. Orthopnea
Answer: C. Ascites - A patient with aortic stenosis is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?
A. Dizziness and syncope
B. Polyuria
C. Persistent dry cough
D. High fever
Answer: A. Dizziness and syncope - What is the primary action of digoxin in treating heart failure?
A. Reducing preload
B. Improving myocardial contractility
C. Decreasing heart rate
D. Increasing cardiac output
Answer: B. Improving myocardial contractility - Which laboratory finding is commonly elevated in patients with heart failure?
A. Serum potassium
B. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
C. Hematocrit
D. Serum creatinine
Answer: B. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) - What is a common early symptom of mitral valve prolapse?
A. Cyanosis
B. Chest pain
C. Hemoptysis
D. Severe hypotension
Answer: B. Chest pain
- Which of the following is a typical sign of right-sided heart failure?
A. Pulmonary crackles
B. Edema in the extremities
C. Cyanosis
D. Decreased jugular vein pressure
Answer: B. Edema in the extremities - A patient with heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following is a priority nursing assessment?
A. Heart rate
B. Blood pressure
C. Oxygen saturation
D. Respiratory rate
Answer: B. Blood pressure - A nurse is caring for a patient with severe aortic stenosis. The patient begins to show signs of shock. What should the nurse do first?
A. Administer fluids to increase preload
B. Administer oxygen
C. Prepare for intubation
D. Prepare for urgent valve replacement surgery
Answer: B. Administer oxygen - Which of the following is a common risk factor for heart failure?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypertension
C. Asthma
D. Peptic ulcer disease
Answer: B. Hypertension - Which of the following is the most common cause of left-sided heart failure?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Mitral stenosis
D. Aortic regurgitation
Answer: A. Myocardial infarction - What is the most likely consequence of untreated mitral valve prolapse?
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Endocarditis
C. Deep vein thrombosis
D. Atrial fibrillation
Answer: B. Endocarditis - In a patient with chronic heart failure, which of the following should the nurse monitor closely?
A. Serum glucose levels
B. Serum potassium levels
C. Serum albumin levels
D. Serum calcium levels
Answer: B. Serum potassium levels - A nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about fluid restriction. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?
A. “I will only drink when I am thirsty.”
B. “I will limit my intake to 1.5 liters per day.”
C. “I should drink as much as I want, as long as it is water.”
D. “I should drink 3 liters per day to stay hydrated.”
Answer: B. “I will limit my intake to 1.5 liters per day.” - Which of the following is a common finding in patients with mitral regurgitation?
A. Tachypnea
B. Jugular vein distension
C. Cold, clammy skin
D. Peripheral edema
Answer: B. Jugular vein distension - A nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about daily weight monitoring. What is the most important instruction?
A. Weigh yourself at the same time each day.
B. Weigh yourself in the morning before breakfast.
C. Weigh yourself after lunch for accuracy.
D. Weigh yourself every other day.
Answer: A. Weigh yourself at the same time each day. - What is the priority nursing action for a patient with a new diagnosis of heart failure?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Assess for signs of fluid overload
C. Instruct the patient on sodium restriction
D. Teach the patient how to monitor their blood pressure
Answer: B. Assess for signs of fluid overload - Which medication class is most commonly used to decrease the afterload in heart failure?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors - A nurse is caring for a patient with severe left-sided heart failure. What is the most important intervention for this patient?
A. Administering oxygen
B. Increasing fluid intake
C. Monitoring blood glucose levels
D. Administering beta-blockers
Answer: A. Administering oxygen - Which of the following is a characteristic finding of endocarditis in a patient with valvular heart disease?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Osler’s nodes
C. Tachycardia
D. Chest pain
Answer: B. Osler’s nodes - Which of the following signs would most likely indicate an exacerbation of right-sided heart failure?
A. Shortness of breath
B. Weight loss
C. Increased jugular vein distension
D. Decreased urinary output
Answer: C. Increased jugular vein distension
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