Sample Questions and Answers
- Which of the following is the most accurate indicator of fluid status?
- A) Daily weight
- B) Blood pressure
- C) Pulse rate
- D) Urine output
- Answer: A) Daily weight
- A patient with hyperkalemia should avoid which of the following foods?
- A) Oranges
- B) Apples
- C) Grapes
- D) Strawberries
- Answer: A) Oranges
- Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in a patient with hyponatremia?
- A) Hyperactive reflexes
- B) Decreased level of consciousness
- C) Increased thirst
- D) Muscle twitching
- Answer: B) Decreased level of consciousness
- A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which of the following signs would indicate fluid overload?
- A) Edema
- B) Weight loss
- C) Hypotension
- D) Decreased respiratory rate
- Answer: A) Edema
- Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with the use of loop diuretics?
- A) Hypercalcemia
- B) Hypokalemia
- C) Hypernatremia
- D) Hypomagnesemia
- Answer: B) Hypokalemia
- A patient with kidney failure is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A) Hyperkalemia
- B) Hyponatremia
- C) Hypocalcemia
- D) Hypermagnesemia
- Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
- Which of the following findings would the nurse expect in a patient with dehydration?
- A) Decreased urine output
- B) Hyperactive bowel sounds
- C) Edema in extremities
- D) Increased heart rate
- Answer: A) Decreased urine output
- A patient with a sodium level of 130 mEq/L is diagnosed with hyponatremia. The nurse expects which of the following treatments?
- A) Administration of hypertonic saline
- B) Fluid restriction
- C) Administration of potassium supplements
- D) Administration of diuretics
- Answer: A) Administration of hypertonic saline
- Which of the following is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?
- A) Renal failure
- B) Parathyroid disorders
- C) Malnutrition
- D) Diarrhea
- Answer: B) Parathyroid disorders
- Which assessment finding is most indicative of hyperkalemia?
- A) Flattened T waves
- B) Deep tendon reflex hyperactivity
- C) Tall, peaked T waves
- D) Decreased urinary output
- Answer: C) Tall, peaked T waves
- Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with hypernatremia?
- A) Administer isotonic saline
- B) Increase fluid intake
- C) Encourage salt intake
- D) Administer diuretics
- Answer: B) Increase fluid intake
- A nurse is monitoring a patient with hypocalcemia. Which of the following is a common symptom?
- A) Nausea
- B) Muscle spasms
- C) Confusion
- D) Hyperactive reflexes
- Answer: B) Muscle spasms
- A patient is receiving IV fluids with 5% dextrose. What is the primary concern for the nurse?
- A) Hyperglycemia
- B) Hyperkalemia
- C) Fluid overload
- D) Hypotension
- Answer: A) Hyperglycemia
- Which of the following is a common cause of hypomagnesemia?
- A) Excessive alcohol use
- B) Hyperparathyroidism
- C) Hyperglycemia
- D) Chronic kidney disease
- Answer: A) Excessive alcohol use
- Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for a patient with hypermagnesemia?
- A) Administration of calcium gluconate
- B) Diuretic therapy
- C) Administration of potassium chloride
- D) Fluid restriction
- Answer: B) Diuretic therapy
- A nurse is caring for a patient with dehydration. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to observe?
- A) Bradycardia
- B) Hypotension
- C) Slow capillary refill
- D) Increased urine output
- Answer: B) Hypotension
- A patient is diagnosed with hyperphosphatemia. The nurse should monitor for which of the following symptoms?
- A) Tetany
- B) Decreased muscle tone
- C) Decreased deep tendon reflexes
- D) Bradycardia
- Answer: A) Tetany
- A nurse is caring for a patient with potassium 6.5 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?
- A) Administer sodium bicarbonate
- B) Prepare the patient for dialysis
- C) Administer potassium supplements
- D) Decrease intravenous fluids
- Answer: B) Prepare the patient for dialysis
- A patient is receiving IV fluids with sodium chloride. The nurse should monitor the patient for signs of:
- A) Hypokalemia
- B) Fluid overload
- C) Hyperglycemia
- D) Hypercalcemia
- Answer: B) Fluid overload
- Which of the following laboratory findings is consistent with metabolic acidosis?
- A) Low pH, low bicarbonate
- B) Low pH, high bicarbonate
- C) High pH, low bicarbonate
- D) High pH, high bicarbonate
- Answer: A) Low pH, low bicarbonate
- A nurse is caring for a patient with severe dehydration. Which of the following is the most appropriate fluid for initial replacement?
- A) Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
- B) Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
- C) Lactated Ringer’s solution
- D) 5% albumin
- Answer: B) Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
- Which of the following is a symptom of hyperkalemia?
- A) Constipation
- B) Bradycardia
- C) Hypertension
- D) Nausea
- Answer: B) Bradycardia
- A nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV fluids. The patient complains of pain and redness at the IV site. The nurse should suspect:
- A) Phlebitis
- B) Infiltration
- C) Fluid overload
- D) Air embolism
- Answer: A) Phlebitis
- Which of the following electrolytes is most commonly associated with bone health?
- A) Calcium
- B) Sodium
- C) Potassium
- D) Magnesium
- Answer: A) Calcium
- A patient with severe hyponatremia is at risk for which of the following complications?
- A) Seizures
- B) Hypertension
- C) Bradycardia
- D) Polyuria
- Answer: A) Seizures
- The nurse is monitoring a patient with hyperkalemia. The nurse expects which of the following interventions?
- A) Increase oral potassium intake
- B) Administer sodium bicarbonate
- C) Restrict fluid intake
- D) Administer insulin and glucose
- Answer: D) Administer insulin and glucose
- Which of the following is an early sign of hypokalemia?
- A) Muscle weakness
- B) Nausea and vomiting
- C) Chest pain
- D) Seizures
- Answer: A) Muscle weakness
- A patient with hyperkalemia is most at risk for which of the following?
- A) Cardiac arrhythmias
- B) Hypotension
- C) Bradycardia
- D) Respiratory depression
- Answer: A) Cardiac arrhythmias
- A patient is receiving diuretics. The nurse should monitor the patient for signs of:
- A) Hyperkalemia
- B) Hypokalemia
- C) Hypercalcemia
- D) Hyponatremia
- Answer: B) Hypokalemia
- A nurse is caring for a patient with third-space fluid shift. The nurse should monitor the patient for which of the following?
- A) Increased blood pressure
- B) Edema and weight gain
- C) Dry mucous membranes
- D) Decreased heart rate
- Answer: B) Edema and weight gain
- Which of the following is a common cause of hypernatremia?
- A) Excessive water intake
- B) Inadequate water intake
- C) Diuretic use
- D) Hypothyroidism
- Answer: B) Inadequate water intake
- A patient with a potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L is at risk for which of the following?
- A) Respiratory failure
- B) Hypotension
- C) Hyperglycemia
- D) Renal failure
- Answer: A) Respiratory failure
- A patient is receiving intravenous potassium. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A) Hyperkalemia
- B) Hypertension
- C) Cardiac arrhythmias
- D) Hyperglycemia
- Answer: C) Cardiac arrhythmias
- A patient with dehydration should be treated with which of the following types of fluid replacement?
- A) Hypotonic solution
- B) Isotonic solution
- C) Hypertonic solution
- D) None of the above
- Answer: B) Isotonic solution
- A nurse is caring for a patient with hypovolemia. Which of the following is the primary goal of treatment?
- A) Reduce edema
- B) Increase blood pressure
- C) Replace lost fluids and electrolytes
- D) Prevent infection
- Answer: C) Replace lost fluids and electrolytes
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