Sample Questions and Answers
What is the main function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
A) Immune defense
B) Oxygen transport
C) Blood clotting
D) Nutrient absorption
Answer: B) Oxygen transport
Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds to oxygen?
A) Globin chain
B) Heme group
C) Iron ion
D) Beta chain
Answer: B) Heme group
Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for immune responses?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Platelets
C) Leukocytes
D) Plasma
Answer: C) Leukocytes
What is the process by which blood cells are produced in the bone marrow?
A) Hemostasis
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Coagulation
Answer: B) Hematopoiesis
Which of the following is NOT a type of leukocyte?
A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Erythrocyte
Answer: D) Erythrocyte
The primary function of platelets is to:
A) Fight infections
B) Transport oxygen
C) Form blood clots
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: C) Form blood clots
Which vitamin is essential for normal blood clotting?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: D) Vitamin K
Which type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid?
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia
Answer: B) Pernicious anemia
Which cell is responsible for producing antibodies?
A) T-lymphocytes
B) B-lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Monocytes
Answer: B) B-lymphocytes
What is the most common site for hematopoiesis in adults?
A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Bone marrow
D) Lymph nodes
Answer: C) Bone marrow
Which condition is characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood?
A) Anemia
B) Leukopenia
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Polycythemia
Answer: C) Thrombocytopenia
Which of the following is a primary function of neutrophils?
A) Phagocytosis of pathogens
B) Production of antibodies
C) Antigen presentation
D) Secretion of histamine
Answer: A) Phagocytosis of pathogens
What is the main characteristic of sickle cell anemia?
A) Large, abnormally shaped red blood cells
B) Red blood cells that are crescent-shaped and rigid
C) Inability of the body to produce hemoglobin
D) Increased production of white blood cells
Answer: B) Red blood cells that are crescent-shaped and rigid
Which of the following is an inherited disorder characterized by the inability to produce clotting factors?
A) Hemophilia
B) Sickle cell anemia
C) Iron-deficiency anemia
D) Thalassemia
Answer: A) Hemophilia
Which of the following is a common sign of anemia?
A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased red blood cell count
C) Jaundice
D) Fatigue and weakness
Answer: D) Fatigue and weakness
Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in the blood?
A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Lymphocytes
Answer: C) Neutrophils
The term “hematocrit” refers to the:
A) Percentage of red blood cells in the blood
B) Number of platelets in the blood
C) Level of hemoglobin in the blood
D) Percentage of white blood cells in the blood
Answer: A) Percentage of red blood cells in the blood
Which blood group is known as the universal donor?
A) Group A
B) Group B
C) Group AB
D) Group O
Answer: D) Group O
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of leukemia?
A) Decreased production of red blood cells
B) Abnormal proliferation of white blood cells
C) Excessive bleeding
D) Low platelet count
Answer: B) Abnormal proliferation of white blood cells
What is the main function of hemoglobin?
A) Carry carbon dioxide
B) Transport oxygen
C) Regulate blood pressure
D) Fight infections
Answer: B) Transport oxygen
Which of the following is a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia?
A) Excessive blood loss
B) Bone marrow failure
C) B12 deficiency
D) Lack of folate
Answer: A) Excessive blood loss
The term “polycythemia” refers to:
A) A decrease in the number of red blood cells
B) An increase in the number of white blood cells
C) An increase in the number of red blood cells
D) A decrease in platelet count
Answer: C) An increase in the number of red blood cells
Which of the following is the primary function of the spleen in hematology?
A) Blood production
B) Blood filtration
C) Oxygen transport
D) Platelet aggregation
Answer: B) Blood filtration
Which of the following blood cells is most involved in allergic reactions?
A) Neutrophils
B) Basophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
Answer: B) Basophils
Which blood component is responsible for the immune response and antigen recognition?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Platelets
D) Plasma
Answer: B) Leukocytes
What is a common diagnostic test used to determine the size and volume of red blood cells?
A) Hemoglobin electrophoresis
B) Complete blood count (CBC)
C) Bone marrow biopsy
D) Blood culture
Answer: B) Complete blood count (CBC)
Which condition is associated with a low white blood cell count?
A) Leukemia
B) Leukopenia
C) Polycythemia
D) Thrombocytosis
Answer: B) Leukopenia
Which cell type is the precursor to platelets?
A) Megakaryocyte
B) Myeloblast
C) Lymphoblast
D) Erythroblast
Answer: A) Megakaryocyte
What is the normal range for hemoglobin levels in adults?
A) 7–10 g/dL
B) 12–16 g/dL
C) 18–22 g/dL
D) 25–30 g/dL
Answer: B) 12–16 g/dL
Which of the following diseases is caused by an inherited mutation that affects hemoglobin structure?
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Sickle cell anemia
C) Thalassemia
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
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