Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the primary function of the immune system?
A) To protect the body from harmful microorganisms
B) To store energy for future use
C) To digest food
D) To help in the production of red blood cells
Answer: A
Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?
A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) T-cells
D) B-cells
Answer: B
What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?
A) They destroy pathogens directly
B) They act as a signal for T-cells to destroy infected cells
C) They help activate the complement system
D) They bind to antigens to neutralize or mark them for destruction
Answer: D
Which of the following is a feature of the adaptive immune system?
A) It is present from birth and does not change
B) It involves memory cells to recognize previously encountered pathogens
C) It responds to pathogens immediately without delay
D) It is nonspecific and reacts in the same way to all pathogens
Answer: B
Which cells are responsible for the production of antibodies?
A) B-cells
B) T-cells
C) Macrophages
D) Dendritic cells
Answer: A
What is the function of T-helper cells in immune responses?
A) They produce antibodies
B) They stimulate other immune cells by releasing cytokines
C) They directly kill infected cells
D) They ingest and digest pathogens
Answer: B
Which of the following best describes a vaccine?
A) A treatment for active infections
B) A substance that stimulates the production of antibodies to protect against disease
C) A food supplement that boosts immunity
D) A type of pathogen
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
A) Immunity after vaccination
B) Immunity from mother to baby via breast milk
C) Immunity gained by exposure to a disease
D) Immunity from taking an antiviral drug
Answer: B
What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?
A) Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source
B) Active immunity occurs faster than passive immunity
C) Passive immunity involves the activation of T-cells, while active immunity does not
D) There is no difference between active and passive immunity
Answer: A
What is the purpose of herd immunity?
A) To eliminate all pathogens from a population
B) To protect individuals who are not immune by reducing the spread of disease within the population
C) To provide long-lasting immunity to all members of a population
D) To boost individual immune responses to vaccines
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
A) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
B) Tetanus vaccine
C) Hepatitis B vaccine
D) Influenza vaccine (inactivated)
Answer: A
What is the purpose of the adjuvant in vaccines?
A) To prevent the vaccine from being destroyed by the body
B) To enhance the immune response to the vaccine
C) To increase the number of pathogens in the vaccine
D) To reduce side effects from the vaccine
Answer: B
Which immune cells are involved in the rejection of transplanted organs?
A) T-cells
B) B-cells
C) Neutrophils
D) Eosinophils
Answer: A
What type of vaccine is composed of inactivated or killed pathogens?
A) Subunit vaccine
B) Toxoid vaccine
C) Inactivated vaccine
D) Live attenuated vaccine
Answer: C
Which of the following is a common side effect of vaccines?
A) Long-term chronic illness
B) Pain or swelling at the injection site
C) Weight gain
D) Coughing and sneezing
Answer: B
What is an example of an autoimmune disease?
A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Tuberculosis
C) Measles
D) Common cold
Answer: A
Which molecule is responsible for the activation of the complement system?
A) Antibodies
B) Histamines
C) Interleukins
D) Cytokines
Answer: A
What does a “booster shot” in vaccination help with?
A) It provides initial protection against disease
B) It enhances and prolongs immunity by increasing antibody production
C) It prevents immediate side effects
D) It decreases the likelihood of vaccine-associated disease
Answer: B
What is the role of phagocytes in the immune system?
A) They secrete antibodies
B) They destroy pathogens through ingestion and digestion
C) They produce cytokines to regulate the immune response
D) They activate helper T-cells
Answer: B
Which of the following statements is true regarding the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)?
A) MHC molecules are involved in the presentation of antigens to T-cells
B) MHC molecules are responsible for the production of antibodies
C) MHC molecules kill infected cells directly
D) MHC molecules are only involved in innate immunity
Answer: A
Which of the following is a characteristic of the innate immune system?
A) It provides long-term protection through memory cells
B) It is specific to the pathogen
C) It responds rapidly and in a generalized manner to pathogens
D) It relies on antibodies produced by B-cells
Answer: C
What is an example of an inactivated vaccine?
A) Polio (IPV) vaccine
B) Yellow fever vaccine
C) Chickenpox vaccine
D) Rotavirus vaccine
Answer: A
What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?
A) To produce antibodies
B) To present antigens to T-cells
C) To destroy pathogens by phagocytosis
D) To regulate inflammation
Answer: B
Which of the following diseases is primarily prevented by a vaccine that contains a toxoid?
A) Tetanus
B) Hepatitis B
C) Influenza
D) Measles
Answer: A
Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune response?
A) Antibodies
B) Bone marrow
C) Mucous membranes
D) Insulin production
Answer: D
What is the primary function of the spleen in the immune system?
A) To produce red blood cells
B) To filter pathogens from the blood and recycle iron
C) To produce insulin
D) To store calcium
Answer: B
Which type of immune cell is responsible for killing virus-infected cells?
A) Cytotoxic T-cells
B) B-cells
C) Macrophages
D) Helper T-cells
Answer: A
The principle of “vaccination” is to:
A) Expose the immune system to a harmless form of the pathogen to stimulate an immune response
B) Treat an active infection with antibiotics
C) Enhance the growth of bacteria in the body
D) Inject the body with live pathogens to cause disease
Answer: A
Which of the following best describes herd immunity?
A) Immunity in which a majority of individuals in a population are vaccinated, helping to protect those who are not immune
B) Immunity provided by the use of antibiotics
C) Immunity that occurs when an individual is exposed to a virus and becomes ill
D) Immunity that only protects individuals who are vaccinated
Answer: A
The term “antigen” refers to:
A) A substance that can trigger an immune response
B) A protein that breaks down pathogens
C) A type of antibody
D) A molecule that fights off infection
Answer: A
31. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a T-cell receptor (TCR)?
A) It binds directly to pathogens in the blood
B) It recognizes antigens presented by MHC molecules
C) It produces antibodies
D) It is involved in the production of cytokines
Answer: B
32. Which of the following cells is involved in the allergic response?
A) Mast cells
B) Erythrocytes
C) T-helper cells
D) Neutrophils
Answer: A
33. Which of the following is true about the role of cytokines in immunity?
A) Cytokines directly kill pathogens
B) Cytokines are involved in cell signaling to coordinate immune responses
C) Cytokines produce antibodies
D) Cytokines form the structure of antibodies
Answer: B
34. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for the destruction of infected body cells?
A) B-cells
B) Cytotoxic T-cells
C) Helper T-cells
D) Dendritic cells
Answer: B
35. Which type of immunity is provided by vaccination?
A) Natural active immunity
B) Artificial passive immunity
C) Artificial active immunity
D) Natural passive immunity
Answer: C
36. What is the most common route for a vaccine to be administered?
A) Intravenous
B) Intramuscular
C) Oral
D) Subcutaneous
Answer: B
37. What type of vaccine contains only a piece of the pathogen, such as a protein or polysaccharide?
A) Recombinant vaccine
B) Subunit vaccine
C) Inactivated vaccine
D) Live attenuated vaccine
Answer: B
38. Which type of immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a disease and their body mounts an immune response, leading to the formation of memory cells?
A) Natural passive immunity
B) Artificial active immunity
C) Natural active immunity
D) Artificial passive immunity
Answer: C
39. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in immune defense?
A) To produce hormones for cell regulation
B) To circulate immune cells throughout the body
C) To provide nutrients to cells
D) To filter toxins from the blood
Answer: B
40. What is the role of regulatory T-cells in immune responses?
A) They kill infected cells directly
B) They help regulate and suppress the immune response to prevent autoimmunity
C) They produce antibodies
D) They present antigens to helper T-cells
Answer: B
41. Which vaccine is used to prevent the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection?
A) MMR vaccine
B) Hib vaccine
C) HPV vaccine
D) Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: C
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