Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of descriptive analytics?
A) Predicting future sales based on past data
B) Analyzing patterns in customer behavior
C) Summarizing past performance with averages and totals
D) Optimizing production processes
Answer: C) Summarizing past performance with averages and totals
In business analytics, what does the mean of a data set represent?
A) The most frequent value in the data
B) The middle value of the data
C) The sum of all values divided by the number of values
D) The difference between the highest and lowest values
Answer: C) The sum of all values divided by the number of values
Which of the following techniques is used to summarize the central tendency of a data set?
A) Variance
B) Histogram
C) Mean
D) Scatter plot
Answer: C) Mean
A box plot helps to visualize which of the following?
A) The correlation between two variables
B) The distribution of data and potential outliers
C) The trend over time
D) The probability of an event occurring
Answer: B) The distribution of data and potential outliers
The variance of a data set measures which of the following?
A) The average value of the data
B) The spread of the data around the mean
C) The most frequent value in the data
D) The relationship between two variables
Answer: B) The spread of the data around the mean
A histogram is useful for showing the distribution of data. What type of data is most commonly represented using a histogram?
A) Nominal data
B) Ordinal data
C) Continuous numerical data
D) Binary data
Answer: C) Continuous numerical data
What does a scatter plot typically represent?
A) The central tendency of a data set
B) The relationship between two continuous variables
C) The frequency of categories
D) The distribution of a single variable
Answer: B) The relationship between two continuous variables
Descriptive statistics primarily focuses on:
A) Making predictions about future events
B) Collecting data from large populations
C) Organizing, summarizing, and presenting data
D) Testing hypotheses about a population
Answer: C) Organizing, summarizing, and presenting data
In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 68%
D) 95%
Answer: C) 68%
The median of a data set is:
A) The sum of all data values divided by the number of data points
B) The middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest
C) The value that occurs most frequently
D) The difference between the highest and lowest values
Answer: B) The middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest
What is skewness in a data distribution?
A) The spread of data points around the mean
B) The symmetry or asymmetry of the data distribution
C) The degree of relationship between two variables
D) The concentration of values around the median
Answer: B) The symmetry or asymmetry of the data distribution
Kurtosis in a data set refers to:
A) The total number of data points
B) The steepness and sharpness of the distribution’s peak
C) The average value of the data
D) The spread of data points around the median
Answer: B) The steepness and sharpness of the distribution’s peak
The mode of a data set is:
A) The middle value when the data is ordered
B) The most frequent value in the data
C) The difference between the highest and lowest values
D) The sum of all values divided by the number of values
Answer: B) The most frequent value in the data
In a bar chart, the length of the bars represents:
A) Categories of data
B) The mean value of the data
C) The frequency or count of occurrences in each category
D) The correlation between two variables
Answer: C) The frequency or count of occurrences in each category
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Median
Answer: C) Range
What is the purpose of a pie chart?
A) To display the relationship between two continuous variables
B) To show the percentage distribution of categorical data
C) To summarize the central tendency of a data set
D) To display data over time
Answer: B) To show the percentage distribution of categorical data
What is the interquartile range (IQR)?
A) The range between the highest and lowest values
B) The range between the first and third quartiles of the data
C) The mean of the middle half of the data
D) The average of the upper and lower quartiles
Answer: B) The range between the first and third quartiles of the data
Which of the following is the first step in conducting data analysis?
A) Summarizing the data
B) Collecting data
C) Making predictions
D) Drawing conclusions
Answer: B) Collecting data
Which of the following would be considered categorical data?
A) Height of employees in an organization
B) Number of units sold in a month
C) Department names in an organization
D) Prices of products
Answer: C) Department names in an organization
A correlation coefficient of +0.85 indicates:
A) A strong negative relationship between two variables
B) A weak positive relationship between two variables
C) A moderate positive relationship between two variables
D) A strong positive relationship between two variables
Answer: D) A strong positive relationship between two variables
Which of the following describes the relationship between a variable and a set of possible outcomes?
A) Data visualization
B) Probability distribution
C) Descriptive statistics
D) Inferential statistics
Answer: B) Probability distribution
The range of a data set is:
A) The average value of the data
B) The difference between the largest and smallest values in the data
C) The spread of the data around the mean
D) The sum of all values divided by the number of values
Answer: B) The difference between the largest and smallest values in the data
Which of the following is used to describe the spread or dispersion of a data set?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Variance
D) Median
Answer: C) Variance
A normal distribution is characterized by which of the following?
A) A skewed shape
B) A uniform spread of values
C) A symmetric bell-shaped curve
D) A data set with no outliers
Answer: C) A symmetric bell-shaped curve
The z-score of a data point measures:
A) How far the data point is from the mean in terms of standard deviations
B) The probability of a data point occurring
C) The average of all data points
D) The total number of data points in the sample
Answer: A) How far the data point is from the mean in terms of standard deviations
In a scatter plot, points that are closely clustered in a straight line suggest:
A) A strong correlation between the two variables
B) No correlation between the two variables
C) A random relationship between the variables
D) A weak correlation between the two variables
Answer: A) A strong correlation between the two variables
Which of the following is a visual tool used to display the spread of data in quartiles?
A) Box plot
B) Pie chart
C) Histogram
D) Line graph
Answer: A) Box plot
Descriptive statistics helps businesses in which of the following ways?
A) Predicting future trends and outcomes
B) Analyzing past data to make informed decisions
C) Testing hypotheses about different data samples
D) Optimizing business processes in real-time
Answer: B) Analyzing past data to make informed decisions
What does a frequency distribution show?
A) The probability of an event occurring
B) How often each value or range of values occurs in the data
C) The relationship between two continuous variables
D) The trend in data over a period of time
Answer: B) How often each value or range of values occurs in the data
What is a key advantage of using descriptive analytics in business?
A) It can predict future market trends
B) It helps summarize large amounts of data for decision-making
C) It tests the effectiveness of business strategies
D) It provides the probability of different outcomes
Answer: B) It helps summarize large amounts of data for decision-making
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