Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following macromolecules are primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleic Acids
Answer: C
What is the primary function of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in cells?
A) Store genetic information
B) Catalyze metabolic reactions
C) Carry genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome
D) Provide structural support in the cell
Answer: C
Which of the following is the most basic unit of a protein?
A) Nucleotide
B) Amino acid
C) Fatty acid
D) Sugar
Answer: B
Which of the following interactions is the primary force stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?
A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Peptide bonds
C) Hydrophobic interactions
D) Ionic bonds
Answer: C
Which of the following elements is not commonly found in proteins?
A) Carbon
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Phosphorus
Answer: D
What term describes the collection of reactions through which cells extract energy from food and store it in high-energy bonds like ATP?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Glycolysis
C) Metabolism
D) Replication
Answer: C
Which of the following molecules are primarily involved in the storage and transfer of energy in cells?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Nucleotides
Answer: D
Which type of bond is responsible for holding the two strands of a DNA molecule together?
A) Hydrogen bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Disulfide bond
Answer: A
Which of the following is the correct monomer for nucleic acids?
A) Nucleotide
B) Amino acid
C) Monosaccharide
D) Fatty acid
Answer: A
Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?
A) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
B) Enzymes are used up in reactions.
C) Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
D) Enzymes are specific to their substrates.
Answer: B
In a biochemical reaction, what does the term “activation energy” refer to?
A) The energy required to break down substrates
B) The energy required to start a reaction
C) The energy released by the reaction
D) The energy stored in products
Answer: B
Which molecule is the primary energy carrier in most living organisms?
A) NADH
B) ATP
C) GTP
D) FADH2
Answer: B
Which of the following is the most important carbohydrate used by living organisms for energy production?
A) Sucrose
B) Glucose
C) Lactose
D) Fructose
Answer: B
Which of the following is a major component of biological membranes?
A) Proteins
B) Nucleic acids
C) Lipids
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?
A) Hydrogen bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Ionic bond
D) Disulfide bond
Answer: A
Which of the following is the main function of triglycerides in organisms?
A) Catalyzing biochemical reactions
B) Acting as a source of stored energy
C) Providing structure to cell membranes
D) Transporting oxygen in the blood
Answer: B
Which molecule is the primary product of glycolysis?
A) Lactic acid
B) Pyruvate
C) Acetyl-CoA
D) Glucose
Answer: B
Which of the following is not a role of lipids in cells?
A) Energy storage
B) Structural component of cell membranes
C) Catalysis of biochemical reactions
D) Insulation and protection
Answer: C
Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in proteins?
A) Protein function is independent of structure.
B) A protein’s function is determined by its primary structure.
C) A protein’s function is determined by its secondary structure.
D) A protein’s function is determined by its three-dimensional structure.
Answer: D
What type of bond forms between amino acids to form a polypeptide chain?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Peptide bond
D) Disulfide bond
Answer: C
Which metabolic pathway occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?
A) Citric acid cycle
B) Electron transport chain
C) Glycolysis
D) Beta-oxidation
Answer: C
Which molecule is produced during the citric acid cycle and is used to generate ATP?
A) NADH
B) Pyruvate
C) Acetyl-CoA
D) GTP
Answer: A
In what form is most of the energy generated by aerobic respiration stored?
A) NADH
B) FADH2
C) ATP
D) GTP
Answer: C
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of enzymes?
A) They increase the activation energy of reactions.
B) They are consumed in the reaction they catalyze.
C) They have a specific active site for binding substrates.
D) They are not affected by temperature changes.
Answer: C
Which of the following is true about the structure of carbohydrates?
A) They consist of long chains of nucleotides.
B) They are composed of amino acid residues.
C) They are composed of simple sugars or polysaccharides.
D) They are made up of fatty acid chains.
Answer: C
What process involves the breakdown of glucose to produce energy in the absence of oxygen?
A) Fermentation
B) Glycolysis
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: A
Which of the following biomolecules contains a phosphate group?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipids
Answer: C
Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids?
A) They are hydrophobic molecules that do not interact with water.
B) They form the structural basis of cell membranes.
C) They are soluble in non-polar solvents.
D) They are the primary energy source in cells.
Answer: B
What is the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?
A) ATP stores genetic information.
B) ATP is a coenzyme in metabolic reactions.
C) ATP provides energy for cellular processes.
D) ATP is a structural component of proteins.
Answer: C
Which of the following biochemical pathways produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?
A) Glycolysis
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fermentation
Answer: C
31. Which of the following processes directly produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?
A) Glycolysis
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fermentation
Answer: C
32. Which type of reaction breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy?
A) Anabolic
B) Catabolic
C) Endergonic
D) Exergonic
Answer: B
33. Which of the following molecules is not typically a lipid?
A) Triglyceride
B) Phospholipid
C) Glycogen
D) Steroid
Answer: C
34. Which of the following is true regarding the role of NAD+ in cellular metabolism?
A) It is a coenzyme involved in the reduction of glucose.
B) It carries electrons during redox reactions in metabolism.
C) It is used to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria.
D) It is used to synthesize ATP.
Answer: B
35. What is the primary role of carbohydrates in living organisms?
A) Catalyzing biochemical reactions
B) Providing long-term energy storage
C) Facilitating cellular communication
D) Serving as the primary energy source
Answer: D
36. Which part of the cell is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Nucleus
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosome
D) Mitochondrion
Answer: C
37. In which form is energy most commonly stored in animals?
A) Glycogen
B) Glucose
C) Phospholipids
D) Proteins
Answer: A
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