Anatomy & Physiology Cardiovascular System Questions and Answers

Sample Questions and Answers

• Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
  A. Right atrium
  B. Right ventricle
  C. Left atrium
  D. Left ventricle
  Answer: D
• What is the main function of red blood cells?
  A. To fight infections
  B. To carry oxygen
  C. To clot blood
  D. To regulate blood pressure
  Answer: B
• Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?
  A. Pulmonary vein
  B. Aorta
  C. Superior vena cava
  D. Coronary artery
  Answer: C
• What is the largest artery in the body?
  A. Pulmonary artery
  B. Aorta
  C. Carotid artery
  D. Femoral artery
  Answer: B
• Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
  A. Veins
  B. Capillaries
  C. Arteries
  D. Heart
  Answer: B
• What is the pacemaker of the heart?
  A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
  B. Purkinje fibers
  C. Sinoatrial (SA) node
  D. Bundle of His
  Answer: C
• Which type of blood vessel has valves?
  A. Arteries
  B. Capillaries
  C. Veins
  D. Aorta
  Answer: C
• What is the primary function of platelets?
  A. Transport oxygen
  B. Fight infection
  C. Clot blood
  D. Remove waste
  Answer: C
• What structure prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle?
  A. Pulmonary valve
  B. Mitral valve
  C. Aortic valve
  D. Tricuspid valve
  Answer: C
• Which part of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood?
  A. Left atrium
  B. Right atrium
  C. Left ventricle
  D. Right ventricle
  Answer: B
• What is the main component of plasma?
  A. Proteins
  B. Water
  C. Nutrients
  D. Electrolytes
  Answer: B
• What term describes the relaxation phase of the heart?
  A. Systole
  B. Diastole
  C. Depolarization
  D. Repolarization
  Answer: B
• Which artery supplies blood to the heart muscle?
  A. Carotid artery
  B. Coronary artery
  C. Pulmonary artery
  D. Subclavian artery
  Answer: B
• What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?
  A. To transport oxygen
  B. To regulate blood pressure
  C. To return excess fluid to the bloodstream
  D. To deliver nutrients to cells
  Answer: C
• Which part of the blood is responsible for carrying nutrients, hormones, and waste products?
  A. Platelets
  B. Plasma
  C. Red blood cells
  D. White blood cells
  Answer: B
• What is the term for high blood pressure?
  A. Hypotension
  B. Hypertension
  C. Arrhythmia
  D. Tachycardia
  Answer: B
• Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
  A. Pulmonary veins
  B. Pulmonary arteries
  C. Aorta
  D. Superior vena cava
  Answer: A
• What is the primary muscle of the cardiovascular system?
  A. Diaphragm
  B. Skeletal muscle
  C. Cardiac muscle
  D. Smooth muscle
  Answer: C
• Which term refers to the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute?
  A. Stroke volume
  B. Cardiac output
  C. Heart rate
  D. Blood pressure
  Answer: B
• Which heart sound is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular valves?
  A. S1
  B. S2
  C. S3
  D. S4
  Answer: A
• Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?
  A. Vein
  B. Artery
  C. Capillary
  D. Arteriole
  Answer: D
• What is the primary function of the right ventricle?
  A. Pump blood to the body
  B. Pump blood to the lungs
  C. Receive blood from the body
  D. Receive blood from the lungs
  Answer: B
• Which layer of the heart is the thickest?
  A. Endocardium
  B. Myocardium
  C. Epicardium
  D. Pericardium
  Answer: B
• What type of blood cells fight infection?
  A. Red blood cells
  B. White blood cells
  C. Platelets
  D. Plasma cells
  Answer: B
• What structure separates the left and right sides of the heart?
  A. Valves
  B. Septum
  C. Pericardium
  D. Atria
  Answer: B
• Which blood vessel has the thickest walls?
  A. Artery
  B. Vein
  C. Capillary
  D. Venule
  Answer: A
• What is the term for the number of heartbeats per minute?
  A. Stroke volume
  B. Cardiac output
  C. Heart rate
  D. Blood pressure
  Answer: C
• What is the blood type known as the universal donor?
  A. Type A
  B. Type B
  C. Type AB
  D. Type O
  Answer: D
• Which ion is most critical for cardiac muscle contraction?
  A. Sodium
  B. Potassium
  C. Calcium
  D. Chloride
  Answer: C
• What hormone increases heart rate during stress?
  A. Insulin
  B. Cortisol
  C. Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
  D. Glucagon
  Answer: C

• Which of the following is a component of the cardiac conduction system?
  A. Alveoli
  B. SA node
  C. Capillaries
  D. Myelin sheath
  Answer: B
• What is the smallest blood vessel in the body?
  A. Artery
  B. Vein
  C. Capillary
  D. Arteriole
  Answer: C
• What type of tissue is the heart primarily composed of?
  A. Nervous tissue
  B. Epithelial tissue
  C. Cardiac muscle tissue
  D. Connective tissue
  Answer: C
• Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
  A. Veins
  B. Arteries
  C. Capillaries
  D. Venules
  Answer: B
• What structure connects the right atrium to the right ventricle?
  A. Bicuspid valve
  B. Aortic valve
  C. Pulmonary valve
  D. Tricuspid valve
  Answer: D
• Which term describes the force exerted by blood on arterial walls?
  A. Cardiac output
  B. Stroke volume
  C. Blood pressure
  D. Heart rate
  Answer: C