Sample Questions and Answers
In Psychoanalytic theory, the “id” is primarily driven by:
A) Moral values and societal rules
B) Reality and logic
C) Primitive desires and impulses
D) Conscious awareness and decision-making
Answer: C
In Gestalt therapy, “topdog-underdog” refers to:
A) The client’s unconscious struggle between their ideal self and their real self
B) The relationship between the therapist and client in terms of power dynamics
C) The tension between the parts of a person that seek control and the parts that avoid responsibility
D) The use of specific techniques to resolve childhood conflicts
Answer: C
The central aim of existential therapy is to:
A) Explore the unconscious conflicts affecting present behavior
B) Help clients confront their fears and anxieties about life and death
C) Change irrational thought patterns to improve behavior
D) Teach clients behavioral techniques to cope with stress
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “behavioral activation” focuses on:
A) Encouraging clients to change negative thinking patterns
B) Helping clients engage in rewarding activities to combat depression
C) Teaching relaxation techniques to reduce stress
D) Analyzing unconscious behaviors
Answer: B
According to Adler, the “life style” of an individual is:
A) A set of inherited behaviors that shape personality
B) A reflection of the early decisions and experiences that influence behavior
C) The outcome of unconscious drives and past conflicts
D) A person’s pattern of coping with anxiety and stress
Answer: B
According to Viktor Frankl, the primary challenge that individuals face is:
A) The struggle for survival
B) The search for happiness
C) The quest for meaning in life
D) The need for acceptance from others
Answer: C
In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist’s role is to:
A) Provide direct solutions to the client’s problems
B) Interpret the client’s unconscious material
C) Act as a non-directive facilitator, offering empathy and acceptance
D) Use behavioral techniques to modify the client’s actions
Answer: C
In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the “A-B-C” model stands for:
A) Activating event, Beliefs, and Consequences
B) Analysis, Behavior, and Change
C) Action, Belief, and Conflict
D) Attitude, Belief, and Cognition
Answer: A
According to Adlerian therapy, the “fictional finalism” refers to:
A) The unresolved conflicts from early childhood
B) The imagined future goal that guides a person’s behavior
C) The unconscious drives that motivate a person’s actions
D) The social expectations that shape a person’s identity
Answer: B
In Gestalt therapy, “dream work” is used to:
A) Help clients reframe their dreams to make them more positive
B) Analyze the symbolism in dreams to gain insight into unconscious material
C) Guide clients in processing traumatic events from their past
D) Teach relaxation techniques to reduce nightmares
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the process of “cognitive distortions” involves:
A) Teaching clients new coping strategies for stress
B) Identifying and challenging negative and irrational thought patterns
C) Analyzing the client’s family history to understand behavior
D) Encouraging clients to avoid negative thoughts at all costs
Answer: B
The existential concept of “authenticity” refers to:
A) Living a life based on societal expectations and values
B) Being true to one’s own values, choices, and existence, even in the face of uncertainty
C) The ability to conform to social norms and expectations
D) The capacity to avoid facing difficult truths about oneself
Answer: B
According to Adlerian therapy, the concept of “lifestyle” is defined as:
A) The conscious effort to achieve personal goals
B) A person’s learned way of coping with life challenges
C) A reflection of unconscious desires and conflicts
D) The desire for power and control in relationships
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “mindfulness” is used to:
A) Teach clients how to focus on past traumatic events
B) Help clients focus on the present moment without judgment
C) Encourage clients to avoid negative thoughts
D) Analyze the impact of irrational beliefs
Answer: B
According to Frankl’s Logotherapy, “existential frustration” occurs when:
A) A person fails to achieve their desired goals
B) A person’s basic needs are not met
C) A person cannot find meaning in their life
D) A person is overwhelmed by anxiety and fear
Answer: C
In Person-Centered Therapy, the concept of “self-actualization” refers to:
A) The process of becoming the person one is truly meant to be
B) The ability to control one’s environment and relationships
C) The desire to fit into societal norms and expectations
D) The process of eliminating negative thoughts
Answer: A
In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the therapist’s role is to:
A) Offer unconditional acceptance regardless of the client’s behavior
B) Help clients challenge and dispute irrational beliefs
C) Interpret unconscious symbols in the client’s dreams
D) Guide clients through their childhood memories
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive restructuring” involves:
A) Focusing on unconscious patterns of thought
B) Replacing irrational thoughts with more realistic and balanced ones
C) Exploring the past to identify negative thought patterns
D) Teaching clients to avoid certain negative emotions
Answer: B
According to Adler, which of the following is the best predictor of a person’s behavior?
A) The person’s social interest and sense of belonging
B) The person’s unconscious conflicts
C) The person’s early childhood memories
D) The person’s desire for power and control
Answer: A
The therapeutic goal in Existential Therapy is to:
A) Resolve past trauma through repressed memories
B) Assist clients in accepting the inevitability of suffering and death
C) Encourage clients to avoid existential anxiety
D) Help clients understand unconscious motives that influence behavior
Answer: B
In Gestalt Therapy, “unfinished business” refers to:
A) Incomplete tasks that prevent a person from focusing on the present
B) Past emotional experiences that remain unresolved and affect current behavior
C) Current relationships that need to be improved
D) Future goals that a person has not yet achieved
Answer: B
In Reality Therapy, the main emphasis is on:
A) Exploring unconscious conflicts
B) Identifying and changing self-defeating thoughts
C) Teaching clients how to make more effective choices in the present
D) Analyzing childhood experiences and their effects on adult behavior
Answer: C
In Adlerian Therapy, “inferiority feelings” are seen as:
A) A permanent part of one’s personality
B) Motivators for personal growth and striving for success
C) A reflection of deep unconscious conflicts
D) A sign of emotional instability
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “behavioral experiments” are used to:
A) Help clients test the validity of their beliefs through real-life experiences
B) Encourage clients to avoid certain situations that cause anxiety
C) Teach clients how to relax through deep breathing exercises
D) Analyze the root causes of irrational thoughts
Answer: A
In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the therapist might use “disputing” to:
A) Provide emotional support to the client
B) Encourage the client to accept their irrational beliefs
C) Challenge the client’s irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational ones
D) Guide the client through relaxation exercises
Answer: C
In Psychoanalytic therapy, the “superego” is responsible for:
A) Instinctual drives and desires
B) The moral conscience and ideal self
C) The reality principle and decision-making
D) Unconscious desires and repressed memories
Answer: B
In Gestalt therapy, “dialogue experiments” refer to:
A) Conversations between the therapist and client aimed at resolving unconscious conflicts
B) Role-playing exercises that help the client explore different parts of themselves
C) Discussions with the client about their past relationships
D) Guided fantasies to address unresolved issues
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive distortions” include:
A) Externalizing blame and not accepting personal responsibility
B) Overgeneralizing, catastrophizing, and black-and-white thinking
C) Focusing on the past and avoiding current issues
D) Ignoring negative thoughts to feel better
Answer: B
The Adlerian concept of “social interest” refers to:
A) A person’s ability to navigate societal rules and expectations
B) The feeling of belonging to a community and contributing to society
C) The importance of personal achievements and individual success
D) The unconscious desire to control others
Answer: B
In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist’s use of “congruence” refers to:
A) The therapist’s ability to accurately interpret the client’s experiences
B) The therapist’s willingness to be open and genuine with the client
C) The therapist’s capacity to reframe the client’s negative thoughts
D) The therapist’s ability to remain emotionally detached
Answer: B
According to Adler, which of the following is true about early recollections?
A) They represent an idealized version of the past
B) They provide insight into a person’s lifestyle and approach to life
C) They reveal unconscious conflicts from childhood
D) They are often unreliable and inaccurate
Answer: B
In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), “musturbatory thinking” refers to:
A) A tendency to believe that one must always succeed in every situation
B) A belief that others should behave according to one’s expectations
C) A need for constant approval and validation from others
D) A tendency to ignore personal emotions and focus solely on logic
Answer: A
In Psychoanalytic therapy, “transference” occurs when:
A) A client transfers their personal issues onto the therapist
B) The therapist interprets the client’s behavior through a neutral lens
C) The client gains insight into their unconscious motivations
D) The therapist provides feedback to help the client manage their symptoms
Answer: A
In Existential therapy, “freedom” refers to:
A) The ability to control external circumstances
B) The realization that individuals are responsible for their choices
C) The capacity to avoid suffering through detachment
D) The instinctual desire to seek pleasure
Answer: B
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “self-monitoring” refers to:
A) The process of identifying and recording thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
B) Using relaxation techniques to manage stress
C) Focusing on past traumatic experiences to understand current behavior
D) Teaching clients how to avoid negative emotions
Answer: A
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