Sample Questions and Answers
- What is the primary goal when assessing a pediatric patient? A) To diagnose the illness
B) To evaluate the child’s physical and emotional development
C) To determine the treatment options
D) To establish a therapeutic relationship with the child
Answer: B) To evaluate the child’s physical and emotional development - Which of the following is an essential component of a pediatric health assessment? A) Analyzing parental history
B) Only physical examinations
C) Detailed neuropsychological testing
D) Vaccination history
Answer: D) Vaccination history - When should pain assessment be performed in a pediatric patient? A) Once the treatment plan is in place
B) Only when the child complains
C) At regular intervals during hospitalization
D) Only at admission
Answer: C) At regular intervals during hospitalization - Which of the following is a common sign of respiratory distress in an infant? A) Apnea
B) Hyperactivity
C) Cyanosis
D) Bradycardia
Answer: C) Cyanosis - A child with a fever of 102°F should be managed by: A) Giving aspirin immediately
B) Monitoring and providing fluids
C) Using ice baths
D) Withholding all fluids
Answer: B) Monitoring and providing fluids - Which is the best indicator of dehydration in an infant? A) Sunken fontanel
B) Fever
C) Rapid weight gain
D) Vomiting
Answer: A) Sunken fontanel - Which vaccination should be given at 6 months of age? A) Hepatitis B
B) DTaP
C) MMR
D) Varicella
Answer: B) DTaP - What is the most appropriate method for administering oral medications to infants? A) In a bottle
B) Via a syringe placed in the mouth
C) By mixing with formula or breast milk
D) Using a pacifier with medicine on it
Answer: B) Via a syringe placed in the mouth - What is the primary concern when caring for a child with asthma? A) Preventing viral infections
B) Managing allergic reactions
C) Ensuring proper use of inhalers
D) Encouraging physical activity
Answer: C) Ensuring proper use of inhalers - What is the most common cause of respiratory illness in infants? A) Bacterial pneumonia
B) RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
C) Influenza
D) Tuberculosis
Answer: B) RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) - What is the primary role of a pediatric nurse in the management of a child with diabetes? A) Administering insulin
B) Educating parents and the child on diet and blood sugar monitoring
C) Diagnosing the type of diabetes
D) Performing lab tests
Answer: B) Educating parents and the child on diet and blood sugar monitoring - Which of the following is the best position for an infant who is vomiting? A) Lying flat on the back
B) On their stomach
C) On the side with the head elevated
D) Sitting upright
Answer: C) On the side with the head elevated - When assessing a child with suspected meningitis, the nurse should prioritize: A) Checking for a fever
B) Monitoring vital signs
C) Obtaining a full health history
D) Performing a lumbar puncture
Answer: D) Performing a lumbar puncture - A child with sickle cell anemia is at risk for: A) Dehydration
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Hypothermia
D) Anemia and pain episodes
Answer: D) Anemia and pain episodes - What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the pediatric population? A) Hand hygiene
B) Wearing gloves
C) Administering vaccines
D) Using antibiotics
Answer: A) Hand hygiene - Which is an appropriate intervention for a child experiencing a seizure? A) Hold the child down to prevent injury
B) Place a padded tongue depressor in the child’s mouth
C) Position the child on their side to prevent aspiration
D) Administer a sedative
Answer: C) Position the child on their side to prevent aspiration - What is a primary concern when a child with a fever is being treated? A) Rapid temperature reduction
B) Preventing dehydration
C) Ensuring they receive multiple antibiotics
D) Withholding fluids until the fever subsides
Answer: B) Preventing dehydration - Which of the following is a sign of abuse in a child? A) Bruises in different stages of healing
B) A high fever
C) A healthy appetite
D) Difficulty walking
Answer: A) Bruises in different stages of healing - Which condition is characterized by a child’s inability to absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins? A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Sickle cell disease
C) Asthma
D) Leukemia
Answer: A) Cystic fibrosis - Which is the most common type of pediatric cancer? A) Brain tumors
B) Leukemia
C) Neuroblastoma
D) Wilms tumor
Answer: B) Leukemia - The nurse is assessing a child with a heart murmur. The nurse should: A) Notify the physician immediately
B) Observe for other signs of heart disease
C) Administer antibiotics to prevent infection
D) Ask the parents if there is a family history of heart disease
Answer: B) Observe for other signs of heart disease - Which is a key teaching point for parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? A) Reinforce positive behaviors through rewards
B) Encourage independence without assistance
C) Focus only on educational interventions
D) Avoid social interactions to reduce anxiety
Answer: A) Reinforce positive behaviors through rewards - Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration in a toddler? A) Weight gain
B) Excessive crying without tears
C) Increased appetite
D) Frequent urination
Answer: B) Excessive crying without tears - What is the priority intervention for a child with anaphylaxis? A) Administering an antihistamine
B) Administering epinephrine
C) Applying a cold compress
D) Monitoring vital signs
Answer: B) Administering epinephrine - A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old with a leg fracture. Which of the following should the nurse assess? A) The child’s ability to eat solid food
B) The child’s level of activity
C) The degree of pain and the child’s comfort
D) The child’s ability to walk unassisted
Answer: C) The degree of pain and the child’s comfort - Which of the following is an indication of iron deficiency anemia in children? A) Diarrhea
B) Pale skin and fatigue
C) Swelling of the joints
D) Increased heart rate
Answer: B) Pale skin and fatigue - The nurse is teaching a parent how to manage a child’s eczema. What is an important teaching point? A) Apply lotion only after bathing
B) Bathe the child in hot water to kill bacteria
C) Avoid moisturizing the skin completely
D) Use soap containing alcohol for cleaning
Answer: A) Apply lotion only after bathing - What is the primary concern when caring for a child with Kawasaki disease? A) Ensuring proper nutrition
B) Preventing cardiac complications
C) Monitoring for respiratory distress
D) Reducing the fever
Answer: B) Preventing cardiac complications
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