Sample Questions and Answers
- Which of the following is the most common trigger for asthma attacks?
- A) Exercise
- B) Cold air
- C) Allergens such as dust mites and pet dander
- D) Respiratory infections
- Answer: C) Allergens such as dust mites and pet dander
- Which medication is a first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations?
- A) Long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)
- B) Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
- C) Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
- D) Leukotriene modifiers
- Answer: B) Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
- A patient with COPD is experiencing worsening shortness of breath. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A) Administer a bronchodilator
- B) Instruct the patient to use pursed-lip breathing
- C) Encourage fluid intake
- D) Administer oxygen therapy
- Answer: D) Administer oxygen therapy
- Which of the following is a hallmark sign of COPD?
- A) Recurrent chest infections
- B) Productive cough with sputum
- C) Shortness of breath only during physical activity
- D) Difficulty breathing when lying down
- Answer: B) Productive cough with sputum
- What is the primary goal of asthma management?
- A) Complete cessation of symptoms
- B) Prevention of long-term complications
- C) Control and prevent symptoms, including acute attacks
- D) Only control nighttime symptoms
- Answer: C) Control and prevent symptoms, including acute attacks
- A patient with asthma has been prescribed a rescue inhaler (SABA). When should the patient use it?
- A) Every morning as a preventive measure
- B) Before exercise to prevent symptoms
- C) When experiencing asthma symptoms
- D) Only during a hospital admission
- Answer: C) When experiencing asthma symptoms
- What is the main complication of chronic COPD?
- A) Pulmonary embolism
- B) Pneumonia
- C) Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure)
- D) Lung cancer
- Answer: C) Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure)
- Which diagnostic test is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of asthma?
- A) Chest X-ray
- B) Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
- C) Arterial blood gases (ABG)
- D) Spirometry
- Answer: D) Spirometry
- In which stage of COPD is oxygen therapy indicated for patients with resting hypoxemia?
- A) Stage I (Mild)
- B) Stage II (Moderate)
- C) Stage III (Severe)
- D) Stage IV (Very severe)
- Answer: D) Stage IV (Very severe)
- Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?
- A) Weight gain
- B) Oral thrush
- C) Increased heart rate
- D) Insomnia
- Answer: B) Oral thrush
- Which of the following is a long-term control medication for asthma?
- A) Albuterol
- B) Ipratropium
- C) Montelukast
- D) Prednisone
- Answer: C) Montelukast
- What is the primary function of a spacer with an inhaler?
- A) To reduce medication side effects
- B) To increase the dose of medication
- C) To improve drug delivery to the lungs
- D) To reduce inhalation time
- Answer: C) To improve drug delivery to the lungs
- Which is a characteristic finding of emphysema, a form of COPD?
- A) Increased sputum production
- B) Hyperinflation of the lungs
- C) Chronic productive cough
- D) Wheezing during expiration
- Answer: B) Hyperinflation of the lungs
- What is a critical nursing intervention for a patient experiencing an asthma exacerbation?
- A) Ensure the patient is sitting up and able to breathe
- B) Administer a cough suppressant
- C) Limit oxygen administration to prevent CO2 retention
- D) Restrict fluid intake to prevent congestion
- Answer: A) Ensure the patient is sitting up and able to breathe
- Which lifestyle change can significantly improve COPD outcomes?
- A) Smoking cessation
- B) Increasing physical activity only
- C) Avoiding medications for lung conditions
- D) Limiting water intake to prevent edema
- Answer: A) Smoking cessation
- The nurse is educating a patient with asthma about peak flow monitoring. What is the purpose of this tool?
- A) To measure oxygen saturation
- B) To assess the effectiveness of inhalers
- C) To track lung function and detect early signs of an asthma attack
- D) To check for signs of pneumonia
- Answer: C) To track lung function and detect early signs of an asthma attack
- A nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. What is the primary benefit of pursed-lip breathing?
- A) Increases lung volume
- B) Reduces the work of breathing
- C) Decreases oxygen saturation
- D) Improves sputum production
- Answer: B) Reduces the work of breathing
- Which of the following is a common comorbidity in patients with COPD?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Diabetes
- C) Osteoporosis
- D) Sleep apnea
- Answer: A) Hypertension
- What is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD?
- A) Recurrent productive cough
- B) Hyperinflated lungs
- C) Weight loss and muscle wasting
- D) Pulmonary embolism
- Answer: A) Recurrent productive cough
- Which of the following medications is used in combination with corticosteroids to manage asthma symptoms?
- A) Salmeterol (LABA)
- B) Ipratropium (anticholinergic)
- C) Theophylline
- D) Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)
- Answer: A) Salmeterol (LABA)
- A patient with asthma asks how to use a metered-dose inhaler. What is the nurse’s best response?
- A) “You should inhale rapidly when using the inhaler.”
- B) “Press the inhaler, then breathe in deeply and hold your breath for 10 seconds.”
- C) “Inhale slowly and hold your breath for 5 seconds before exhaling.”
- D) “Exhale forcefully before pressing the inhaler and then breathe in quickly.”
- Answer: B) “Press the inhaler, then breathe in deeply and hold your breath for 10 seconds.”
- What is the key diagnostic test for determining the severity of COPD?
- A) Arterial blood gas (ABG)
- B) Pulmonary function test (PFT)
- C) Chest X-ray
- D) CT scan
- Answer: B) Pulmonary function test (PFT)
- Which intervention is most effective in preventing asthma attacks related to allergens?
- A) Avoiding strenuous activity
- B) Using short-acting bronchodilators
- C) Minimizing exposure to environmental triggers
- D) Taking an oral corticosteroid daily
- Answer: C) Minimizing exposure to environmental triggers
- Which of the following is a potential complication of long-term corticosteroid use in asthma patients?
- A) Increased appetite
- B) Osteoporosis
- C) Weight loss
- D) Insomnia
- Answer: B) Osteoporosis
- A nurse is providing education to a COPD patient about oxygen therapy. What is an important teaching point?
- A) Oxygen should be used only during exercise
- B) Oxygen therapy is usually stopped if the patient feels better
- C) Oxygen should be used to maintain oxygen saturation levels between 88-92%
- D) High-flow oxygen is always required for COPD patients
- Answer: C) Oxygen should be used to maintain oxygen saturation levels between 88-92%
- In COPD management, which of the following is true about pulmonary rehabilitation?
- A) It is only for patients with advanced disease
- B) It includes education and exercise to improve quality of life
- C) It is ineffective for patients with emphysema
- D) It should be avoided in elderly patients
- Answer: B) It includes education and exercise to improve quality of life
- Which assessment finding would indicate a need for immediate intervention in a patient with COPD?
- A) Increased sputum production
- B) Oxygen saturation of 92%
- C) Use of accessory muscles for breathing
- D) Pulse rate of 80 beats per minute
- Answer: C) Use of accessory muscles for breathing
- What should the nurse monitor closely in a patient receiving oral corticosteroids for asthma management?
- A) Blood glucose levels
- B) Serum calcium levels
- C) Heart rate
- D) White blood cell count
- Answer: A) Blood glucose levels
- What is the recommended treatment for an acute exacerbation of asthma?
- A) Antibiotics
- B) Increased inhaled corticosteroids
- C) Administration of oxygen and short-acting beta-agonists
- D) Oral antihistamines
- Answer: C) Administration of oxygen and short-acting beta-agonists
- In patients with COPD, which of the following is the most important factor for improving prognosis?
- A) Smoking cessation
- B) Using long-acting bronchodilators
- C) Managing comorbidities
- D) Preventing pneumonia
- Answer: A) Smoking cessation
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