Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the primary risk factor for developing hypertension?
A) Smoking
B) Obesity
C) Age
D) Family history of hypertension
Answer: D) Family history of hypertension
A nurse is teaching a patient about lifestyle changes to control high blood pressure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Increase salt intake to promote fluid balance
B) Engage in regular physical activity
C) Consume more processed foods for extra calories
D) Avoid taking prescribed medications for hypertension
Answer: B) Engage in regular physical activity
A client with hypertension is prescribed a diuretic. What is the most common side effect of this medication?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Dehydration
D) Hypertension
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Which of the following is the recommended target blood pressure for adults with hypertension?
A) 150/90 mm Hg
B) 140/90 mm Hg
C) 130/80 mm Hg
D) 120/80 mm Hg
Answer: C) 130/80 mm Hg
A nurse is assessing a patient who has hypertension. Which of the following is a potential complication of uncontrolled hypertension?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Stroke
C) Asthma
D) Glaucoma
Answer: B) Stroke
A patient is prescribed an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Bradycardia
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about dietary changes. Which of the following foods should the patient avoid?
A) Bananas
B) Whole grain bread
C) Processed meats
D) Fresh vegetables
Answer: C) Processed meats
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?
A) Kidney disease
B) Sedentary lifestyle
C) Excessive alcohol consumption
D) High salt intake
Answer: A) Kidney disease
Which of the following is the priority nursing action when a patient with hypertension is admitted to the hospital for treatment?
A) Assessing the blood pressure
B) Administering antihypertensive medications
C) Initiating IV fluids
D) Monitoring renal function
Answer: A) Assessing the blood pressure
A nurse is teaching a patient about home blood pressure monitoring. Which of the following is the most important instruction to give?
A) Measure blood pressure in the morning only
B) Rest for at least 5 minutes before taking a reading
C) Take blood pressure readings after physical activity
D) Use a blood pressure cuff that is too large for your arm
Answer: B) Rest for at least 5 minutes before taking a reading
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Which of the following is the leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Hypotension
D) Family history
Answer: B) Atherosclerosis
A patient with coronary artery disease asks about the benefits of exercise. What should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Exercise will increase the risk of a heart attack.
B) Exercise can help improve circulation and reduce symptoms of CAD.
C) Exercise should be avoided due to the strain on the heart.
D) Exercise only helps with weight management, not CAD.
Answer: B) Exercise can help improve circulation and reduce symptoms of CAD.
Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots in patients with coronary artery disease?
A) Beta blockers
B) Antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin)
C) Diuretics
D) Calcium channel blockers
Answer: B) Antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin)
A patient with CAD is prescribed nitroglycerin for chest pain. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when administering nitroglycerin?
A) Monitor the patient for increased blood pressure
B) Ensure the patient is lying flat before administering the medication
C) Monitor for a drop in blood pressure after administration
D) Administer the medication with food to prevent nausea
Answer: C) Monitor for a drop in blood pressure after administration
A patient with coronary artery disease is undergoing coronary angiography. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this procedure?
A) To measure cardiac output
B) To visualize the coronary arteries and assess blockages
C) To measure heart rate variability
D) To assess blood pressure response
Answer: B) To visualize the coronary arteries and assess blockages
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with angina pectoris in a patient with CAD?
A) Dizziness
B) Chest pain or discomfort
C) Nausea and vomiting
D) Shortness of breath
Answer: B) Chest pain or discomfort
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). What is the priority intervention in the immediate postoperative period?
A) Monitoring for signs of infection
B) Encouraging early ambulation
C) Monitoring heart rate and rhythm
D) Administering pain medications as needed
Answer: C) Monitoring heart rate and rhythm
Which of the following lifestyle changes should a nurse recommend to a patient with coronary artery disease?
A) Increase alcohol consumption to reduce stress
B) Quit smoking and follow a heart-healthy diet
C) Avoid all exercise to reduce stress on the heart
D) Use over-the-counter medications to manage pain
Answer: B) Quit smoking and follow a heart-healthy diet
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for a patient with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary artery disease?
A) Immediate administration of thrombolytics or PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention)
B) Administration of a beta-blocker only
C) Continuous monitoring without medication
D) Encouraging ambulation to improve circulation
Answer: A) Immediate administration of thrombolytics or PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention)
A nurse is caring for a patient with stable angina. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to do during an angina episode?
A) Take a deep breath and try to relax without medication
B) Rest and take prescribed nitroglycerin as directed
C) Walk around to improve circulation
D) Take an over-the-counter pain reliever
Answer: B) Rest and take prescribed nitroglycerin as directed
Which of the following is a common complication of untreated coronary artery disease?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Pneumonia
Answer: C) Congestive heart failure
A nurse is preparing a patient for a cardiac catheterization. What should the nurse inform the patient about the procedure?
A) It is a non-invasive procedure that requires no preparation
B) The procedure involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel to access the heart
C) The procedure is performed only under general anesthesia
D) The procedure is not effective in diagnosing CAD
Answer: B) The procedure involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel to access the heart
Which of the following is the goal of drug therapy in coronary artery disease?
A) To reduce the workload of the heart and prevent further plaque buildup
B) To increase heart rate to improve circulation
C) To reduce oxygen supply to the heart muscle
D) To prevent any form of physical activity
Answer: A) To reduce the workload of the heart and prevent further plaque buildup
A patient is experiencing chest pain and is diagnosed with unstable angina. What is the nurse’s priority intervention?
A) Administering nitroglycerin and monitoring for relief of pain
B) Encouraging the patient to engage in light exercise
C) Administering oral pain medications
D) Monitoring blood pressure every 4 hours
Answer: A) Administering nitroglycerin and monitoring for relief of pain
Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action for a patient with a history of coronary artery disease who presents with shortness of breath and dizziness?
A) Administer an antihistamine
B) Perform a chest x-ray
C) Prepare the patient for immediate cardiac evaluation
D) Encourage fluid intake to improve circulation
Answer: C) Prepare the patient for immediate cardiac evaluation
A nurse is assessing a patient with a history of coronary artery disease. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
A) Mild chest discomfort after exercise
B) Dizziness and fainting with activity
C) Frequent episodes of belching
D) Low-grade fever
Answer: B) Dizziness and fainting with activity
Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with CAD experiencing acute chest pain?
A) Administer oxygen and nitroglycerin as prescribed
B) Encourage the patient to engage in deep breathing exercises
C) Offer the patient a snack to alleviate pain
D) Monitor vital signs every 8 hours
Answer: A) Administer oxygen and nitroglycerin as prescribed
A patient with coronary artery disease asks why their cholesterol levels need to be controlled. What should the nurse explain?
A) High cholesterol contributes to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries
B) Cholesterol helps the heart function better by increasing circulation
C) High cholesterol reduces the risk of heart attacks and stroke
D) Low cholesterol levels lead to chest pain
Answer: A) High cholesterol contributes to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries
A patient is prescribed atorvastatin to manage cholesterol levels. Which of the following side effects should the nurse educate the patient about?
A) Muscle pain and weakness
B) Increased appetite and weight gain
C) Rash and itching
D) Excessive thirst
Answer: A) Muscle pain and weakness
A patient with coronary artery disease is prescribed a beta-blocker. What is the primary effect of this medication?
A) It decreases heart rate and blood pressure
B) It increases heart rate and blood pressure
C) It improves blood clotting
D) It dilates blood vessels
Answer: A) It decreases heart rate and blood pressure
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension who is experiencing a hypertensive crisis. Which of the following is the priority intervention?
A) Administering IV antihypertensive medication
B) Monitoring the patient for hyperglycemia
C) Encouraging the patient to engage in relaxation techniques
D) Monitoring respiratory status for signs of distress
Answer: A) Administering IV antihypertensive medication
Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate that a patient with hypertension is experiencing a hypertensive emergency?
A) Severe headache, chest pain, and blurred vision
B) Fatigue and weight gain
C) Shortness of breath and dry cough
D) Increased appetite and dizziness
Answer: A) Severe headache, chest pain, and blurred vision
A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a calcium channel blocker for hypertension. Which of the following is the most important side effect to monitor for?
A) Hypotension
B) Tachycardia
C) Increased appetite
D) Excessive salivation
Answer: A) Hypotension
A nurse is educating a patient about the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. Which of the following foods is recommended on the DASH diet?
A) Red meat and full-fat dairy
B) Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
C) High-sodium processed foods
D) Fried foods
Answer: B) Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed clonidine for hypertension. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
A) Discontinue the medication immediately if dizziness occurs
B) Gradually taper the medication to avoid rebound hypertension
C) Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
D) Avoid taking the medication with food
Answer: B) Gradually taper the medication to avoid rebound hypertension
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