Sample Questions and Answers
- Which of the following is a common symptom of iron-deficiency anemia?
- a) Increased energy levels
- b) Pallor
- c) Jaundice
- d) Cyanosis
Answer: b) Pallor
- What is the primary treatment for sickle cell anemia during a crisis?
- a) Blood transfusions
- b) Pain management
- c) Vitamin B12 injections
- d) Antihistamines
Answer: b) Pain management
- Which lab result would most likely be elevated in a patient with pernicious anemia?
- a) Hemoglobin
- b) MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
- c) Platelets
- d) White blood cells
Answer: b) MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
- What is the hallmark sign of hemolytic anemia?
- a) Hypotension
- b) Jaundice
- c) Tachycardia
- d) Increased platelet count
Answer: b) Jaundice
- A patient with iron-deficiency anemia is prescribed ferrous sulfate. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- a) “Take the medication with milk to increase absorption.”
- b) “You may notice a change in the color of your stools.”
- c) “Avoid taking the medication on an empty stomach.”
- d) “Limit fluids while taking this medication.”
Answer: b) “You may notice a change in the color of your stools.”
- Which of the following is a classic sign of anemia?
- a) Chest pain
- b) Hypoxia
- c) Fatigue
- d) Shortness of breath
Answer: c) Fatigue
- In which type of anemia is a decrease in intrinsic factor production seen?
- a) Iron-deficiency anemia
- b) Aplastic anemia
- c) Pernicious anemia
- d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: c) Pernicious anemia
- A nurse is caring for a client with anemia. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- a) Encourage frequent rest periods
- b) Monitor for signs of bleeding
- c) Administer iron supplements
- d) Educate the patient about the condition
Answer: a) Encourage frequent rest periods
- What is the most appropriate nursing action when a patient is receiving a blood transfusion and experiences chills and fever?
- a) Continue the transfusion and monitor closely
- b) Stop the transfusion and notify the healthcare provider
- c) Give an antihistamine and continue the transfusion
- d) Administer oxygen and continue the transfusion
Answer: b) Stop the transfusion and notify the healthcare provider
- A patient with anemia is prescribed epoetin alfa. What is the nurse’s primary concern when administering this medication?
- a) Risk for thrombosis
- b) Risk for infection
- c) Risk for hypokalemia
- d) Risk for nausea and vomiting
Answer: a) Risk for thrombosis
- A nurse is caring for a patient with hemophilia. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- a) Risk for injury
- b) Ineffective airway clearance
- c) Impaired skin integrity
- d) Fluid volume excess
Answer: a) Risk for injury
- Which of the following is most likely to cause aplastic anemia?
- a) Excessive iron intake
- b) Viral infections
- c) Severe blood loss
- d) Excessive exercise
Answer: b) Viral infections
- Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?
- a) Bone marrow biopsy
- b) Hemoglobin electrophoresis
- c) Complete blood count (CBC)
- d) Coagulation profile
Answer: b) Hemoglobin electrophoresis
- What is the primary goal for the patient with thalassemia major?
- a) Prevent bleeding
- b) Manage pain
- c) Prevent iron overload
- d) Increase white blood cell count
Answer: c) Prevent iron overload
- A patient with anemia presents with weakness and dizziness. What is the most likely cause?
- a) Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
- b) Increased red blood cell production
- c) Hyperkalemia
- d) Infection
Answer: a) Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
- Which condition is associated with a decreased reticulocyte count?
- a) Iron-deficiency anemia
- b) Aplastic anemia
- c) Hemorrhagic anemia
- d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: b) Aplastic anemia
- The nurse is caring for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL. What should the nurse be most concerned about?
- a) Risk for fatigue
- b) Risk for infection
- c) Risk for hemorrhage
- d) Risk for hypertension
Answer: a) Risk for fatigue
- What is the primary characteristic of anemia caused by blood loss?
- a) Decreased erythropoiesis
- b) Hemolysis
- c) Hypovolemia
- d) Bone marrow suppression
Answer: c) Hypovolemia
- Which of the following is a common complication of untreated pernicious anemia?
- a) Cardiac arrhythmias
- b) Neurological damage
- c) Kidney failure
- d) Respiratory distress
Answer: b) Neurological damage
- A patient with sickle cell anemia is hospitalized for pain management. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?
- a) Administering oxygen
- b) Providing a high-calorie diet
- c) Encouraging fluid intake
- d) Administering analgesics
Answer: d) Administering analgesics
- What is a major complication of chronic blood transfusions in patients with thalassemia?
- a) Hyperglycemia
- b) Iron overload
- c) Pulmonary embolism
- d) Hypertension
Answer: b) Iron overload
- A nurse is teaching a patient about foods rich in folic acid. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
- a) Oranges
- b) Whole grains
- c) Green leafy vegetables
- d) Red meats
Answer: c) Green leafy vegetables
- In a patient with polycythemia vera, what lab result would the nurse expect to find?
- a) Decreased hematocrit
- b) Elevated white blood cell count
- c) Elevated red blood cell mass
- d) Decreased platelet count
Answer: c) Elevated red blood cell mass
- What should the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving chemotherapy who has a low white blood cell count?
- a) Increased risk of infection
- b) Increased risk of bleeding
- c) Increased risk of fluid volume overload
- d) Increased risk of arrhythmias
Answer: a) Increased risk of infection
- What is the main purpose of administering iron supplements to a patient with iron-deficiency anemia?
- a) To increase hemoglobin production
- b) To increase red blood cell destruction
- c) To reduce blood viscosity
- d) To increase platelet aggregation
Answer: a) To increase hemoglobin production
- A nurse is preparing a patient for a bone marrow biopsy. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- a) Administer pain medication as prescribed
- b) Provide the patient with a sedative
- c) Ensure the patient has a full stomach
- d) Instruct the patient to avoid fluid intake
Answer: a) Administer pain medication as prescribed
- A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a blood transfusion. The patient begins to experience hives, itching, and difficulty breathing. What is the nurse’s priority action?
- a) Stop the transfusion and administer epinephrine
- b) Continue the transfusion and monitor vital signs
- c) Administer antihistamines and continue the transfusion
- d) Administer oxygen and notify the physician
Answer: a) Stop the transfusion and administer epinephrine
- Which of the following is the most common cause of acquired anemia?
- a) Blood loss
- b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
- c) Hemolysis
- d) Genetic mutation
Answer: a) Blood loss
- What is the primary goal in treating a patient with sickle cell anemia?
- a) Prevent infection
- b) Maintain adequate oxygenation
- c) Increase iron levels
- d) Reduce red blood cell production
Answer: b) Maintain adequate oxygenation
- Which of the following medications is most commonly prescribed to treat pernicious anemia?
- a) Vitamin B12 injections
- b) Folic acid supplements
- c) Iron supplements
- d) Erythropoietin
Answer: a) Vitamin B12 injections
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