Sample Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP)?
A) To reduce healthcare costs
B) To improve patient outcomes
C) To standardize care
D) To eliminate the need for clinical guidelines
Answer: B) To improve patient outcomes
Which of the following is the first step in the evidence-based practice process?
A) Appraising the evidence
B) Asking a clinical question
C) Implementing the evidence
D) Evaluating outcomes
Answer: B) Asking a clinical question
The PICO framework is used for:
A) Conducting research studies
B) Formulating clinical questions
C) Developing clinical protocols
D) Assessing patient satisfaction
Answer: B) Formulating clinical questions
In the PICO framework, what does “I” stand for?
A) Intervention
B) Information
C) Individual
D) Integration
Answer: A) Intervention
Which type of evidence is considered the highest level in the evidence hierarchy?
A) Expert opinion
B) Case-control studies
C) Randomized controlled trials
D) Systematic reviews
Answer: D) Systematic reviews
A nurse wants to evaluate the reliability of a research study. Which aspect should be reviewed?
A) Sample size
B) Funding source
C) Researcher’s credentials
D) Statistical significance
Answer: A) Sample size
What is a key benefit of using clinical guidelines in nursing practice?
A) They eliminate the need for critical thinking
B) They guarantee patient satisfaction
C) They provide evidence-based recommendations
D) They replace professional judgment
Answer: C) They provide evidence-based recommendations
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research method?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Randomized trial
C) Grounded theory
D) Cohort study
Answer: C) Grounded theory
Evidence-based practice requires integration of the following, EXCEPT:
A) Clinical expertise
B) Patient preferences
C) Cost-benefit analysis
D) Best research evidence
Answer: C) Cost-benefit analysis
The term “statistical significance” refers to:
A) Clinical importance of results
B) Probability that results occurred by chance
C) Relevance of findings to practice
D) Sample size adequacy
Answer: B) Probability that results occurred by chance
Which database is commonly used to find evidence-based nursing articles?
A) PubMed
B) WebMD
C) Wikipedia
D) Google Scholar
Answer: A) PubMed
What is the primary benefit of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)?
A) They are easy to conduct
B) They minimize bias
C) They require fewer participants
D) They are subjective in nature
Answer: B) They minimize bias
The best way to assess the credibility of a journal article is to:
A) Check the publishing date
B) Evaluate the peer-review process
C) Review the article’s length
D) Examine the font and formatting
Answer: B) Evaluate the peer-review process
Which part of a research article summarizes the study’s purpose and findings?
A) Introduction
B) Methods
C) Abstract
D) Results
Answer: C) Abstract
What does “clinical significance” mean in evidence-based practice?
A) The study results are statistically significant
B) The findings are meaningful for patient care
C) The results apply to all clinical settings
D) The study was funded by a clinical organization
Answer: B) The findings are meaningful for patient care
Which term describes the consistency of a research study’s results?
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Generalizability
D) Feasibility
Answer: B) Reliability
Which study design is best suited for identifying cause-and-effect relationships?
A) Cross-sectional study
B) Case-control study
C) Randomized controlled trial
D) Qualitative study
Answer: C) Randomized controlled trial
A nurse uses the “5 A’s” of evidence-based practice. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
A) Assess
B) Appraise
C) Apply
D) Advocate
Answer: D) Advocate
What is a “meta-analysis”?
A) A study focusing on one specific patient population
B) A statistical technique combining results from multiple studies
C) A qualitative research approach
D) A summary of clinical guidelines
Answer: B) A statistical technique combining results from multiple studies
Which of the following is an example of a primary source of evidence?
A) Systematic reviews
B) Clinical guidelines
C) Original research study
D) Textbooks
Answer: C) Original research study
When critically appraising a study, the first step is to:
A) Evaluate its ethical considerations
B) Identify its relevance to practice
C) Review the abstract
D) Analyze the statistical methods
Answer: B) Identify its relevance to practice
What type of evidence is generally considered the weakest?
A) Cohort studies
B) Case reports
C) Expert opinion
D) Randomized controlled trials
Answer: C) Expert opinion
In the PICO framework, the “C” represents:
A) Comparison
B) Clinical guidelines
C) Criteria
D) Control group
Answer: A) Comparison
What is the main purpose of qualitative research in nursing?
A) To evaluate treatment outcomes
B) To explore patients’ experiences and perceptions
C) To compare two or more interventions
D) To establish causality
Answer: B) To explore patients’ experiences and perceptions
What is the term for the ability of a study’s findings to be applied to other settings?
A) Validity
B) Transferability
C) Reliability
D) Objectivity
Answer: B) Transferability
A nurse integrates patient preferences into care decisions. This is an example of:
A) Evidence-based practice
B) Holistic nursing
C) Shared decision-making
D) Ethical nursing practice
Answer: C) Shared decision-making
What is an advantage of systematic reviews?
A) They provide a quick summary of a single study
B) They combine evidence from multiple sources
C) They focus on qualitative data only
D) They eliminate the need for clinical trials
Answer: B) They combine evidence from multiple sources
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