Sample Questions and Answers
- Which of the following is the focus of Erikson’s psychosocial theory during adolescence?
- A. Integrity vs. Despair
- B. Industry vs. Inferiority
- C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
- D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Answer: C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
- According to Piaget, at what stage do children develop the ability to perform operations mentally rather than physically?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: C. Concrete operational
- What is the key developmental task during the “trust vs. mistrust” stage according to Erikson?
- A. Developing independence
- B. Establishing a sense of trust in caregivers
- C. Learning to share with others
- D. Developing self-control
- Answer: B. Establishing a sense of trust in caregivers
- Which of the following is a characteristic of the sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s theory?
- A. Abstract thinking
- B. The ability to perform operations mentally
- C. Development of object permanence
- D. Use of symbols and language
- Answer: C. Development of object permanence
- In Erikson’s theory, what is the primary challenge during the “generativity vs. stagnation” stage of adulthood?
- A. Developing self-identity
- B. Finding purpose through work and family
- C. Achieving physical milestones
- D. Establishing autonomy
- Answer: B. Finding purpose through work and family
- At which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is the key challenge “autonomy vs. shame and doubt”?
- A. Infancy
- B. Toddlerhood
- C. Preschool
- D. Adolescence
- Answer: B. Toddlerhood
- According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral development do individuals base their moral decisions on avoiding punishment?
- A. Preconventional
- B. Conventional
- C. Postconventional
- D. Self-conceptual
- Answer: A. Preconventional
- Which of the following best describes the preoperational stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
- A. The child begins to use logical reasoning
- B. The child begins to develop abstract thinking
- C. The child uses symbols and language but lacks logical thinking
- D. The child understands object permanence
- Answer: C. The child uses symbols and language but lacks logical thinking
- Which of Erikson’s stages occurs during middle adulthood?
- A. Industry vs. Inferiority
- B. Intimacy vs. Isolation
- C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
- D. Integrity vs. Despair
- Answer: C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
- In the formal operational stage, according to Piaget, children are able to:
- A. Understand the concept of object permanence
- B. Think abstractly and solve complex problems
- C. Use symbolic play
- D. Understand cause and effect
- Answer: B. Think abstractly and solve complex problems
- According to Erikson, the central conflict during the infancy stage is:
- A. Integrity vs. Despair
- B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- C. Trust vs. Mistrust
- D. Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Answer: C. Trust vs. Mistrust
- Which of the following is the primary task of the “identity vs. role confusion” stage in adolescence?
- A. Establishing intimate relationships
- B. Developing a sense of personal identity
- C. Achieving autonomy from parents
- D. Developing basic trust in others
- Answer: B. Developing a sense of personal identity
- In which stage do children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events, according to Piaget?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: C. Concrete operational
- What is the focus of the “integrity vs. despair” stage in Erikson’s theory of development?
- A. Finding a sense of belonging
- B. Reflecting on life and accepting it
- C. Establishing independence
- D. Developing a career
- Answer: B. Reflecting on life and accepting it
- Which stage in Piaget’s cognitive development theory involves the use of symbols and language?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: B. Preoperational
- In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, the postconventional level is characterized by:
- A. Adherence to rules for self-interest
- B. Following societal rules
- C. Making decisions based on personal principles and justice
- D. Avoiding punishment
- Answer: C. Making decisions based on personal principles and justice
- During which of Erikson’s stages do individuals experience “intimacy vs. isolation”?
- A. Adolescence
- B. Young adulthood
- C. Middle adulthood
- D. Late adulthood
- Answer: B. Young adulthood
- Piaget’s concept of “object permanence” refers to the ability to:
- A. Think logically
- B. Recognize that objects continue to exist even when not seen
- C. Understand cause and effect
- D. Engage in symbolic play
- Answer: B. Recognize that objects continue to exist even when not seen
- The concept of “generativity” in Erikson’s theory refers to:
- A. The ability to care for oneself
- B. The desire to contribute to the well-being of others
- C. The ability to maintain intimate relationships
- D. The ability to reflect on past experiences
- Answer: B. The desire to contribute to the well-being of others
- In the sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory, infants primarily learn through:
- A. Language and social interaction
- B. Logical thinking and reasoning
- C. Sensory exploration and motor activity
- D. Symbolic representation of objects
- Answer: C. Sensory exploration and motor activity
- Which of the following is characteristic of Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral reasoning?
- A. Moral decisions are based on rewards and punishments
- B. Moral decisions are based on social norms
- C. Moral decisions are based on abstract principles of justice
- D. Moral decisions are based on family values
- Answer: C. Moral decisions are based on abstract principles of justice
- During which stage does Piaget believe children begin to use symbols, such as words and images, to represent objects?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: B. Preoperational
- Which of the following is true about the “autonomy vs. shame and doubt” stage in Erikson’s theory?
- A. It occurs in adolescence
- B. It involves establishing independence from parents
- C. It involves developing trust in caregivers
- D. It occurs in early adulthood
- Answer: B. It involves establishing independence from parents
- In which stage do individuals typically experience a crisis of self-identity, according to Erikson?
- A. Infancy
- B. Adolescence
- C. Early adulthood
- D. Middle adulthood
- Answer: B. Adolescence
- Which of the following is the primary developmental task during the “industry vs. inferiority” stage of Erikson’s theory?
- A. Developing the ability to think abstractly
- B. Learning new skills and competencies
- C. Developing a sense of personal identity
- D. Establishing intimate relationships
- Answer: B. Learning new skills and competencies
- At which stage of Piaget’s theory do children begin to develop the ability to perform operations mentally?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: C. Concrete operational
- The concept of “egocentrism” is most closely associated with which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: B. Preoperational
- According to Erikson, which of the following is a major challenge of the “intimacy vs. isolation” stage?
- A. Establishing a personal identity
- B. Developing meaningful relationships
- C. Raising children
- D. Reflecting on one’s life achievements
- Answer: B. Developing meaningful relationships
- What is a major cognitive development during the formal operational stage, according to Piaget?
- A. Use of logical operations on concrete objects
- B. Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically
- C. Development of object permanence
- D. Use of symbols and words
- Answer: B. Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically
- In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, at what level do individuals make moral decisions based on the approval of others?
- A. Preconventional
- B. Conventional
- C. Postconventional
- D. Autonomous
- Answer: B. Conventional
- Which of the following best describes the “industry vs. inferiority” stage in Erikson’s theory?
- A. Developing a sense of trust in caregivers
- B. Gaining a sense of competence and accomplishment
- C. Developing a sense of autonomy and independence
- D. Developing intimate relationships with others
- Answer: B. Gaining a sense of competence and accomplishment
- According to Piaget, the concept of conservation is developed during which stage?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
- Answer: C. Concrete operational
- Which of the following is a key feature of Erikson’s “integrity vs. despair” stage in late adulthood?
- A. A focus on generativity and creativity
- B. Reflecting on one’s life and achieving a sense of fulfillment
- C. Building intimate relationships
- D. Developing a sense of personal identity
- Answer: B. Reflecting on one’s life and achieving a sense of fulfillment
- In the sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s theory, what is one key developmental milestone?
- A. Development of abstract thought
- B. Development of language skills
- C. Understanding of object permanence
- D. Ability to perform mental operations
- Answer: C. Understanding of object permanence
- According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, individuals at the conventional level of moral reasoning are primarily concerned with:
- A. Reward and punishment
- B. Social norms and laws
- C. Universal ethical principles
- D. Personal autonomy
- Answer: B. Social norms and laws
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