Sample Questions and Answers
Which frequency band is less susceptible to interference in industrial environments?
A. 2.4 GHz
B. 5 GHz
C. 900 MHz
D. 1.2 GHz
Answer: B. 5 GHz
Explanation: The 5 GHz band offers more channels and is less crowded, reducing interference in industrial settings.
🌐 Routing & Switching
What is the administrative distance of OSPF?
A. 90
B. 100
C. 110
D. 120
Answer: C. 110
Explanation: OSPF has an administrative distance of 110, determining its trustworthiness compared to other routing protocols.Crucial Exams
Which command displays the IP routing table on a Cisco device?
A. show ip route
B. display routing
C. show routing-table
D. view ip routes
Answer: A. show ip route
Explanation: This command lists all known routes and their statuses in the device’s routing table.
🔧 Device Management & Configuration
What is the purpose of the copy running-config startup-config command?
A. Backup the current configuration to an external server
B. Save the current configuration to NVRAM
C. Load the startup configuration into RAM
D. Erase the current configuration
Answer: B. Save the current configuration to NVRAM
Explanation: This command ensures that the current configuration is retained after a device reboot.
Which protocol is used for secure remote management of network devices?
A. Telnet
B. FTP
C. SSH
D. SNMP
Answer: C. SSH
Explanation: SSH provides encrypted communication for secure remote device management.
📈 Performance Monitoring
What does SNMP stand for?
A. Simple Network Management Protocol
B. Secure Network Monitoring Protocol
C. Standard Network Management Process
D. Simple Network Monitoring Procedure
Answer: A. Simple Network Management Protocol
Explanation: SNMP is used for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks.
Which SNMP version provides authentication and encryption?
A. SNMPv1
B. SNMPv2
C. SNMPv3
D. SNMPv4
Answer: C. SNMPv3
Explanation: SNMPv3 enhances security by supporting authentication and encryption features.
🧱 Firewalls & Access Control
What is the primary function of a firewall in a network?
A. Increase network speed
B. Monitor employee activity
C. Control incoming and outgoing network traffic
D. Assign IP addresses
Answer: C. Control incoming and outgoing network traffic
Explanation: Firewalls enforce security policies by filtering traffic based on predefined rules.
In firewall configurations, what does the term “DMZ” stand for?
A. Direct Management Zone
B. Demilitarized Zone
C. Data Management Zone
D. Device Monitoring Zone
Answer: B. Demilitarized Zone
Explanation: A DMZ is a network segment that acts as a buffer between the internal network and external networks, hosting public-facing services.
🧪 Testing & Validation
What tool is commonly used to test cable continuity?
A. Multimeter
B. Cable tester
C. OTDR
D. Spectrum analyzer
Answer: B. Cable tester
Explanation: Cable testers verify the integrity and continuity of network cabling.
What does OTDR stand for in fiber optic testing?
A. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
B. Optical Transmission Data Recorder
C. Open Transmission Delay Recorder
D. Optical Test Data Reflector
Answer: A. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Explanation: OTDR is used to analyze the integrity of fiber optic cables by detecting faults and measuring loss.
🧭 Network Design & Architecture
What is the primary advantage of a star topology in network design?
A. Reduced cabling costs
B. Easy to add new devices
C. High fault tolerance
D. Simplified routing
Answer: B. Easy to add new devices
Explanation: In a star topology, each device connects to a central hub, making it straightforward to add or remove devices.
In network design, what does the term “scalability” refer to?
A. The physical size of the network
B. The ability to increase network size and capacity
C. The speed of data transmission
D. The security level of the network
Answer: B. The ability to increase network size and capacity
Explanation: Scalability ensures that a network can grow and handle increased demand without performance degradation.
🔄 Redundancy & Failover
What is the function of the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)?
A. Encrypt data packets
B. Provide dynamic IP addressing
C. Ensure high availability of routing paths
D. Monitor network traffic
Answer: C. Ensure high availability of routing paths
Explanation: HSRP allows for automatic failover between routers, maintaining network availability.
In HSRP, what is the role of the standby router?
A. Actively forwards traffic
B. Monitors the active router and takes over if it fails
C. Distributes IP addresses
D. Manages VLAN configurations
Answer: B. Monitors the active router and takes
🔌 Industrial Ethernet & Protocols
What is the primary function of the Modbus protocol in industrial networks?
A. Encrypt data packets
B. Facilitate communication between devices
C. Assign IP addresses dynamically
D. Monitor network traffic for anomalies
Answer: B. Facilitate communication between devices
Explanation: Modbus is a communication protocol used for transmitting information over serial lines between electronic devices.
Which protocol is commonly used for real-time industrial automation applications?
A. HTTP
B. FTP
C. PROFINET
D. SMTP
Answer: C. PROFINET
Explanation: PROFINET is designed for collecting data from, and controlling, equipment in industrial systems with real-time requirements.
🔒 Security & Access Control
What is the purpose of implementing VLANs in a network?
A. Increase bandwidth
B. Enhance security by segmenting traffic
C. Assign IP addresses
D. Reduce the number of switches needed
Answer: B. Enhance security by segmenting traffic
Explanation: VLANs allow network administrators to partition a single physical network into multiple logical networks, improving security and traffic management.
Which security protocol is used to securely access a remote network device?
A. Telnet
B. FTP
C. SSH
D. SNMP
Answer: C. SSH
Explanation: SSH provides a secure channel over an unsecured network by using encryption for remote device access.
🔄 Redundancy & High Availability
What is the main advantage of using EtherChannel in a network?
A. Simplify IP addressing
B. Increase redundancy and bandwidth
C. Reduce the number of required switches
D. Eliminate the need for routing protocols
Answer: B. Increase redundancy and bandwidth
Explanation: EtherChannel combines multiple physical links into a single logical link, enhancing bandwidth and providing redundancy.
Which protocol allows for automatic failover between routers in a network?
A. RIP
B. OSPF
C. HSRP
D. BGP
Answer: C. HSRP
Explanation: Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) provides network resilience by ensuring continuous availability through router redundancy.
🛠️ Troubleshooting & Diagnostics
What does the traceroute command help determine?
A. The MAC address of a device
B. The path packets take to a destination
C. The available bandwidth on a link
D. The status of a VLAN
Answer: B. The path packets take to a destination
Explanation: traceroute identifies the route packets take from the source to the destination, useful for diagnosing routing issues.
Which command displays the status of all interfaces on a Cisco device?
A. show interfaces status
B. display interface summary
C. show ip interface brief
D. view interfaces
Answer: C. show ip interface brief
Explanation: This command provides a concise overview of the status and IP addresses of all interfaces.
📶 Wireless & Mobility
What is the benefit of using 5 GHz frequency band in wireless networks?
A. Longer range
B. Less interference and more channels
C. Compatibility with older devices
D. Lower power consumption
Answer: B. Less interference and more channels
Explanation: The 5 GHz band is less crowded and offers more non-overlapping channels, reducing interference.
Which wireless standard provides the highest data rates?
A. 802.11a
B. 802.11b
C. 802.11g
D. 802.11ac
Answer: D. 802.11ac
Explanation: 802.11ac offers higher throughput compared to previous standards, supporting gigabit speeds.
🌐 Routing & Switching
What is the purpose of the OSPF routing protocol?
A. Assign IP addresses
B. Provide a loop-free topology
C. Exchange routing information within an autonomous system
D. Encrypt data packets
Answer: C. Exchange routing information within an autonomous system
Explanation: OSPF is a link-state routing protocol used to distribute routing information within a single autonomous system.
Which command is used to configure a static route on a Cisco router?
A. ip route
B. set static-route
C. route add
D. configure route
Answer: A. ip route
Explanation: The ip route command defines a static route in Cisco IOS.
🔧 Device Management & Configuration
What is the function of the show version command on a Cisco device?
A. Display interface statistics
B. Show the device’s current configuration
C. Display system hardware and software information
D. List all VLANs
Answer: C. Display system hardware and software information
Explanation: show version provides details about the device’s hardware, software version, and system uptime.
Which command saves the running configuration to the startup configuration?
A. write memory
B. save config
C. copy running-config startup-config
D. store config
Answer: C. copy running-config startup-config
Explanation: This command saves the current configuration to NVRAM, ensuring it persists after a reboot.
📈 Performance Monitoring
What does the term “latency” refer to in a network?
A. The amount of data transmitted
B. The time it takes for a packet to travel from source to destination
C. The number of hops between devices
D. The bandwidth of a link
Answer: B. The time it takes for a packet to travel from source to destination
Explanation: Latency measures the delay in data transmission across a network.
Which tool is commonly used to monitor network performance and traffic?
A. Wireshark
B. Notepad
C. Paint
D. Calculator
Answer: A. Wireshark
Explanation: Wireshark is a network protocol analyzer used to capture and inspect network traffic.
🧱 Firewalls & Access Control
What is the primary purpose of an Access Control List (ACL) in networking?
A. Encrypt data
B. Assign IP addresses
C. Filter traffic based on defined rules
D. Monitor bandwidth usage
Answer: C. Filter traffic based on defined rules
Explanation: ACLs control the flow of traffic by permitting or denying packets based on criteria like IP addresses and ports.
Which type of firewall inspects traffic at the application layer?
A. Packet-filtering firewall
B. Stateful firewall
C. Proxy firewall
D. Circuit-level gateway
Answer: C. Proxy firewall
Explanation: Proxy firewalls filter network traffic at the application level, providing deep packet inspection.
🧪 Testing & Validation
What does a loopback test verify in a network device?
A. External connectivity
B. Internal hardware functionality
C. VLAN configuration
D. Routing table accuracy
Answer: B. Internal hardware functionality
Explanation: A loopback test checks the internal circuitry of a device to ensure it’s functioning correctly.
Which device is used to test the integrity of fiber optic cables?
A. Multimeter
B. OTDR
C. Cable crimper
D. Spectrum analyzer
Answer: B. OTDR
Explanation: An Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) analyzes the integrity of fiber optic cables by detecting faults and measuring loss.
🧭 Network Design & Architecture
What is a characteristic of a mesh network topology?
A. All devices connect to a central hub
B. Devices are connected in a linear sequence
C. Each device connects to multiple other devices
D. Devices are connected in a ring
Answer: C. Each device connects to multiple other devices
Explanation: In a mesh topology, devices are interconnected, providing multiple paths for data and enhancing redundancy.
What is the benefit of implementing a hierarchical network design?
A. Simplifies troubleshooting and scalability
B. Increases network congestion
C. Eliminates the need for routers
D. Reduces the number of required switches
Answer: A. Simplifies troubleshooting and scalability
Explanation: A hierarchical design organizes the network into layers, making it more manageable and scalable.
🔄 Redundancy & Failover
What is the role of the standby router in HSRP?
A. Actively forwards traffic
B. Monitors the active router and takes over if it fails
C. Distributes IP addresses
D. Manages VLAN configurations
Answer: B. Monitors the active router and takes over if it fails
Explanation: In HSRP, the standby router remains idle until the active router fails, ensuring network availability.
Which protocol allows multiple switches to appear as a single switch to connected devices?
A. STP
B. VTP
C. EtherChannel
D. StackWise
Answer: D. StackWise
Explanation: Cisco’s StackWise technology enables multiple switches to operate as a single logical unit, simplifying
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