Sample Questions and Answers
What is a critical goal of stress inoculation training (SIT)?
To eliminate all sources of stress in an individual’s life
B. To prepare individuals to handle future stressors more effectively
C. To focus exclusively on relaxation techniques
D. To replace psychological coping mechanisms with medication
Answer: B
Which of the following is a common characteristic of health-promoting behaviors?
They are often developed unconsciously.
B. They actively reduce the risk of disease or enhance well-being.
C. They increase the likelihood of engaging in risk behaviors.
D. They have no influence on long-term health outcomes.
Answer: B
What is the main purpose of primary prevention in health psychology?
To treat illnesses that have already developed
B. To identify early warning signs of disease
C. To prevent the onset of disease or injury
D. To rehabilitate individuals after illness
Answer: C
Which stage in the Transtheoretical Model is characterized by maintaining new behaviors and preventing relapse?
Preparation
B. Action
C. Maintenance
D. Contemplation
Answer: C
Which of the following is an example of problem-focused coping?
Avoiding the stressor altogether
B. Creating a detailed plan to address the source of stress
C. Expressing emotions through journaling
D. Using distraction to improve mood temporarily
Answer: B
Which complementary therapy involves the use of essential oils to promote relaxation or healing?
Acupuncture
B. Aromatherapy
C. Chiropractic care
D. Guided imagery
Answer: B
What is a common outcome of chronic stress on cardiovascular health?
Reduced heart rate
B. Increased risk of hypertension and heart disease
C. Improved resilience to environmental stressors
D. Decreased cholesterol levels
Answer: B
Which of the following describes the concept of self-efficacy?
Belief in one’s ability to control external events
B. Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific tasks or behaviors
C. A focus on external rewards for behavior change
D. Avoidance of challenges to reduce stress
Answer: B
What is the primary focus of secondary prevention strategies?
Preventing disease before it occurs
B. Detecting and treating disease in its early stages
C. Rehabilitating individuals after a health crisis
D. Reducing psychological factors in health outcomes
Answer: B
Which stress-related condition is commonly linked to a weakened immune system?
Chronic fatigue syndrome
B. Increased susceptibility to infections
C. Enhanced recovery from illness
D. Reduced cortisol levels
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a health-compromising behavior?
Eating a diet rich in vegetables and whole grains
B. Smoking tobacco to cope with stress
C. Engaging in regular aerobic exercise
D. Practicing mindfulness meditation daily
Answer: B
Which personality trait has been shown to reduce the negative effects of stress on health?
Hostility
B. Pessimism
C. Optimism
D. Type A behavior
Answer: C
Which of the following is an effective strategy for improving patient adherence to a health plan?
Simplifying treatment regimens and providing clear instructions
B. Avoiding patient involvement in decision-making
C. Using medical jargon to demonstrate expertise
D. Ignoring the patient’s barriers to adherence
Answer: A
What is a primary goal of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)?
To focus on the past and analyze sources of stress
B. To cultivate awareness and acceptance of the present moment
C. To eliminate stress completely from an individual’s life
D. To avoid confronting stressful situations
Answer: B
What is the role of perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?
It refers to an individual’s belief about the severity of a disease.
B. It determines whether an individual feels vulnerable to a health threat.
C. It focuses on the perceived benefits of health behaviors.
D. It eliminates the need for behavior change.
Answer: B
What is one of the goals of patient-centered communication in healthcare?
To minimize the patient’s involvement in decision-making
B. To foster collaboration and address the patient’s concerns
C. To focus exclusively on the biological aspects of the illness
D. To standardize care regardless of patient preferences
Answer: B
Which of the following is a psychosocial intervention commonly used for chronic pain management?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B. Acupuncture exclusively
C. Prescription medications without psychological support
D. Avoiding all forms of psychological treatments
Answer: A
Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic illnesses?
They have a short duration and resolve quickly.
B. They require long-term management and have no immediate cure.
C. They are caused solely by psychological factors.
D. They primarily affect younger populations.
Answer: B
What is a major focus of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology?
Addressing only the biological causes of illness
B. Understanding how biological, psychological, and social factors interact to influence health
C. Minimizing the importance of psychological factors in health outcomes
D. Promoting the exclusive use of complementary and alternative medicine
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
Educating children about the risks of smoking
B. Conducting blood pressure screenings for early detection of hypertension
C. Providing rehabilitation for stroke survivors to improve quality of life
D. Promoting the use of sunscreen to prevent skin cancer
Answer: C
What is the primary purpose of the biopsychosocial model?
To focus exclusively on biological factors influencing health
B. To integrate biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness
C. To replace all traditional medical treatments with holistic approaches
D. To study the genetic basis of chronic illnesses
Answer: B
Which psychological intervention focuses on teaching patients how to reframe negative thoughts about their health?
Biofeedback
B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C. Guided imagery
D. Progressive muscle relaxation
Answer: B
Which health behavior model emphasizes the importance of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers in predicting health behaviors?
Social Cognitive Theory
B. Health Belief Model
C. Transtheoretical Model
D. Theory of Planned Behavior
Answer: B
Which of the following is a health-compromising behavior?
Regular physical activity
B. Binge drinking
C. Eating a balanced diet
D. Practicing mindfulness
Answer: B
What is a primary goal of secondary prevention?
Preventing illness before it occurs
B. Detecting diseases early to prevent progression
C. Improving quality of life for individuals with chronic conditions
D. Focusing on rehabilitating individuals after a health crisis
Answer: B
Which component of the Theory of Planned Behavior reflects an individual’s perception of how much control they have over their actions?
Subjective norms
B. Behavioral intention
C. Perceived behavioral control
D. Attitudes toward the behavior
Answer: C
What is one benefit of using progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) as a stress management technique?
It focuses on controlling external stressors.
B. It reduces muscle tension and promotes relaxation through systematic exercises.
C. It eliminates the need for other coping strategies.
D. It directly reduces cortisol levels in the bloodstream.
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of emotion-focused coping?
Writing in a journal to express feelings about a stressor
B. Developing a plan to solve a financial problem
C. Avoiding the source of stress entirely
D. Seeking expert advice to address the issue
Answer: A
Which chronic condition is most commonly associated with poor adherence to medication regimens?
Acute infections
B. Hypertension
C. Appendicitis
D. Common cold
Answer: B
Which complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practice is based on balancing energy flow through pathways in the body?
Chiropractic care
B. Acupuncture
C. Aromatherapy
D. Biofeedback
Answer: B
What is the primary focus of stress management interventions in health psychology?
Eliminating all sources of stress permanently
B. Equipping individuals with tools to manage stress and improve coping skills
C. Preventing individuals from experiencing emotional responses to stress
D. Treating stress exclusively with medication
Answer: B
Which stage in the Transtheoretical Model is characterized by a lack of awareness or intention to change behavior?
Action
B. Preparation
C. Precontemplation
D. Maintenance
Answer: C
How does chronic stress impact cardiovascular health?
It lowers blood pressure over time.
B. It reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
C. It increases the risk of hypertension and heart disease.
D. It has no measurable effect on cardiovascular function.
Answer: C
Which personality trait is most commonly linked to resilience and better stress management?
Hostility
B. Pessimism
C. Optimism
D. Neuroticism
Answer: C
What is a common outcome of chronic pain on psychological health?
Increased life satisfaction
B. Development of depression or anxiety
C. Improved coping mechanisms
D. Increased energy levels
Answer: B
What role does perceived severity play in the Health Belief Model?
It influences whether individuals believe a health condition is serious enough to warrant action.
B. It eliminates the need for external motivators.
C. It ensures adherence to all health behaviors regardless of other factors.
D. It focuses exclusively on environmental influences on health.
Answer: A
Which of the following is a benefit of engaging in regular physical activity?
Increased risk of chronic disease
B. Improved immune function and reduced stress
C. Elevated cortisol levels over time
D. Reduced social support networks
Answer: B
What is one reason why patient-centered communication improves health outcomes?
It minimizes patient involvement in decision-making.
B. It fosters trust and collaboration between patients and providers.
C. It focuses exclusively on medical terminology.
D. It replaces the need for social support.
Answer: B
Which of the following factors is most likely to improve patient adherence to a treatment plan?
Complex and time-consuming instructions
B. A supportive healthcare provider-patient relationship
C. Lack of patient involvement in care decisions
D. High treatment costs with minimal explanation
Answer: B
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