Gametogenesis and Fertilization Exam Practice Test Answers

Sample Questions and Answers

1. What is the process of gamete formation called?
   a) Mitosis
   b) Meiosis
   c) Gametogenesis
   d) Fertilization
   Answer: C
2. Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
   a) DNA replication
   b) Chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate
   c) Crossing over
   d) Cytokinesis
   Answer: C
3. What is the primary function of the Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis?
   a) Produce testosterone
   b) Support and nourish developing sperm
   c) Store sperm
   d) Trigger ovulation
   Answer: B
4. Where does oogenesis primarily occur?
   a) Fallopian tubes
   b) Ovary
   c) Uterus
   d) Endometrium
   Answer: B
5. What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?
   a) 46
   b) 22
   c) 23
   d) 44
   Answer: C
6. In females, at what stage of meiosis are oocytes arrested at birth?
   a) Prophase I
   b) Metaphase I
   c) Anaphase II
   d) Telophase II
   Answer: A
7. When does the second meiotic division of the oocyte complete?
   a) During ovulation
   b) At puberty
   c) After fertilization
   d) During menstruation
   Answer: C
8. What is the end product of spermatogenesis?
   a) 2 diploid spermatocytes
   b) 4 haploid sperm cells
   c) 1 haploid sperm cell
   d) 4 diploid spermatocytes
   Answer: B
9. What triggers ovulation in the female reproductive cycle?
   a) Estrogen surge
   b) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
   c) Luteinizing hormone (LH) surge
   d) Progesterone decline
   Answer: C
10. How is meiosis in males different from meiosis in females?
    a) Meiosis in males produces four gametes; females produce one.
    b) Crossing over occurs only in males.
    c) Males produce diploid gametes.
    d) Females skip prophase I.
    Answer: A

1. Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?
   a) Ovary
   b) Uterus
   c) Fallopian tube
   d) Cervix
   Answer: C
2. Which structure in the sperm helps penetrate the egg?
   a) Acrosome
   b) Midpiece
   c) Tail
   d) Nucleus
   Answer: A
3. What prevents polyspermy after fertilization?
   a) Zona pellucida hardening
   b) Increased motility of sperm
   c) Multiple sperm fusion
   d) Slow block mechanism
   Answer: A
4. What is the role of calcium ions during fertilization?
   a) Stimulate meiosis in the oocyte
   b) Activate sperm motility
   c) Trigger cortical granule reaction
   d) Inhibit zona pellucida formation
   Answer: C
5. How long does the sperm remain viable in the female reproductive tract?
   a) 12 hours
   b) 24 hours
   c) 48–72 hours
   d) 7 days
   Answer: C
6. What is the first cell formed after fertilization called?
   a) Blastula
   b) Morula
   c) Zygote
   d) Embryo
   Answer: C
7. How many chromosomes are present in a zygote?
   a) 23
   b) 46
   c) 22
   d) 44
   Answer: B
8. Which hormone maintains the uterine lining after fertilization?
   a) Estrogen
   b) Progesterone
   c) Oxytocin
   d) Prolactin
   Answer: B
9. Which term describes the fusion of male and female pronuclei?
   a) Syngamy
   b) Plasmalemma fusion
   c) Cleavage
   d) Fertilization reaction
   Answer: A
10. What prevents the fertilized egg from implanting in the fallopian tube?
    a) Ciliary movement
    b) Fertilization membrane
    c) Zona pellucida degradation
    d) Amniotic fluid
    Answer: A

1. What is the final stage of gametogenesis in males?
   a) Spermatogonia differentiation
   b) Spermiogenesis
   c) Formation of Leydig cells
   d) Acrosome reaction
   Answer: B
2. What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?
   a) Trigger ovulation
   b) Stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles
   c) Maintain the corpus luteum
   d) Promote fertilization
   Answer: B
3. How many mature eggs are typically produced during oogenesis?
   a) 1
   b) 2
   c) 3
   d) 4
   Answer: A
4. What stage of the fertilized egg implants in the uterus?
   a) Zygote
   b) Morula
   c) Blastocyst
   d) Gastrula
   Answer: C
5. What happens to the polar bodies formed during oogenesis?
   a) Fertilize other eggs
   b) Degenerate
   c) Convert into sperm
   d) Participate in embryogenesis
   Answer: B
6. Which hormone primarily regulates spermatogenesis?
   a) Testosterone
   b) Progesterone
   c) Prolactin
   d) Oxytocin
   Answer: A
7. What is the main purpose of the zona pellucida?
   a) Provide nutrients to the embryo
   b) Prevent premature fertilization
   c) Facilitate sperm binding
   d) Guide the embryo to the uterus
   Answer: C
8. What stage of meiosis is completed upon fertilization?
   a) Metaphase II
   b) Prophase II
   c) Telophase I
   d) Anaphase II
   Answer: A
9. Which organelle in the sperm provides energy for motility?
   a) Acrosome
   b) Nucleus
   c) Mitochondria
   d) Golgi apparatus
   Answer: C
10. What is the main function of cortical granules during fertilization?
    a) Release enzymes to block polyspermy
    b) Enhance sperm motility
    c) Guide the zygote to the uterus
    d) Provide nutrients to the embryo
    Answer: A