Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of organized crime?
A. Committed by individuals acting alone
B. Focuses solely on violent activities
C. Involves a group or network of criminals working together
D. Is limited to petty thefts and burglaries
Answer: C
Which criminological theory focuses on the concept of “strain” as a central cause of criminal behavior?
A. Strain theory
B. Social control theory
C. Social learning theory
D. Labeling theory
Answer: A
The idea that crime is the result of an unequal distribution of power and resources in society is best explained by which theory?
A. Conflict theory
B. Social control theory
C. Differential association theory
D. General strain theory
Answer: A
The “cycle of victimization” suggests that:
A. Victims are more likely to be victimized multiple times
B. Criminal behavior is cyclical and repetitive
C. Victims should be punished for their crimes
D. All victims eventually become offenders themselves
Answer: A
According to the labeling theory, individuals who are labeled as criminals are:
Likely to be rehabilitated by society
B. More likely to commit crimes in the future
C. Less likely to engage in criminal behavior
D. Not affected by their criminal label
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a street crime?
Tax evasion
B. Shoplifting
C. Murder
D. Insider trading
Answer: C
In victimology, the term “secondary victimization” refers to:
Emotional trauma caused by the crime itself
B. The additional harm victims experience due to the criminal justice system’s response
C. Physical injuries sustained during a crime
D. The role of the victim in precipitating the crime
Answer: B
Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of “victimless crimes”?
Drug use
B. Prostitution
C. Gambling
D. Homicide
Answer: D
Which theory suggests that individuals will commit crimes if they perceive the benefits to outweigh the costs?
Routine activities theory
B. Rational choice theory
C. Labeling theory
D. Social control theory
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a victimless crime?
Burglary
B. Drug possession
C. Kidnapping
D. Fraud
Answer: B
The term “victim precipitation” in victimology refers to:
The victim’s role in causing or escalating the crime
B. The emotional harm caused by crime to the victim
C. The physical harm caused to the victim during a crime
D. The process of justice for the victim
Answer: A
Which of the following is NOT one of the main concepts of the social bond theory?
Attachment
B. Commitment
C. Deviance
D. Belief
Answer: C
According to social learning theory, criminal behavior is learned through:
Genetic predisposition
B. Interaction with others
C. Biological factors
D. Rational decision-making
Answer: B
Which of the following best defines the concept of “labeling” in criminology?
The act of blaming victims for their victimization
B. The classification of individuals based on their criminal behavior
C. The impact of being labeled as a criminal and how it affects future behavior
D. The process of arresting individuals based on criminal behavior
Answer: C
Which of the following is the primary focus of routine activities theory in criminology?
The study of the offender’s background
B. The influence of the environment on criminal behavior
C. The factors that make crimes more likely to occur
D. The mental state of the offender during the crime
Answer: C
According to the social control theory, individuals are less likely to commit crimes if they:
Have strong social bonds with family and society
B. Experience financial hardship
C. Live in an area with high crime rates
D. Associate with delinquent peers
Answer: A
The concept of “secondary victimization” refers to:
Victim’s primary physical injuries from the crime
B. Additional harm caused by the criminal justice system’s handling of the victim
C. Victim blaming and societal neglect
D. Financial compensation provided to the victim
Answer: B
According to the general strain theory, crime is more likely to occur when:
People experience negative emotions due to strain
B. Individuals are heavily punished for minor offenses
C. People engage in positive social bonds
D. Crime rates are low in society
Answer: A
Which theory argues that criminal behavior is learned from associations with others who promote criminal values?
Differential association theory
B. Routine activities theory
C. Social control theory
D. Strain theory
Answer: A
The “dark figure of crime” refers to:
Unreported or unrecorded crimes
B. A crime committed in the night
C. The number of crimes that go unsolved
D. Crimes involving organized crime
Answer: A
In the context of victimology, which of the following is a characteristic of “primary victimization”?
Victim’s emotional and financial loss due to the crime
B. The harm done to the victim by the justice system
C. Victimization caused indirectly by other victims
D. The societal reaction to the crime
Answer: A
According to the strain theory, crime is most likely to occur when:
There is a mismatch between cultural goals and the means to achieve them
B. Individuals are punished too harshly for their behavior
C. People are supported by strong social bonds
D. There is an abundance of resources and opportunities
Answer: A
In victimology, “victim blaming” refers to:
The victim’s direct role in causing the crime
B. The belief that the victim is responsible for their victimization
C. A method of ensuring the victim is compensated
D. The process of the victim supporting the criminal
Answer: B
Which of the following is a central component of the rational choice theory of criminal behavior?
The decision to commit a crime is based on a careful calculation of risks and rewards
B. Individuals commit crimes due to social or environmental factors
C. Crime is a learned behavior through association with criminal peers
D. Offenders act in response to societal strain and pressures
Answer: A
The social learning theory of criminal behavior emphasizes the role of:
Genetic factors in shaping behavior
B. Punishment as a deterrent to crime
C. Environmental influences and interactions with others
D. The fairness of the criminal justice system
Answer: C
Which of the following best describes the concept of “victim precipitation”?
The theory that victims may provoke or contribute to their victimization
B. The amount of harm or injury caused to the victim during a crime
C. The financial compensation for victims of crime
D. The legal process of providing justice to victims
Answer: A
Which of the following is considered a form of “white-collar crime”?
Bank robbery
B. Fraud
C. Street gang violence
D. Assault
Answer: B
Which criminological theory suggests that the behavior of criminals is a result of their interactions with people who promote criminal values?
Differential association theory
B. Rational choice theory
C. Social control theory
D. Strain theory
Answer: A
The concept of “vicarious victimization” refers to:
Individuals who become victims after witnessing crimes
B. Victims who experience emotional harm without physical injury
C. The legal process for victim compensation
D. Individuals who commit crimes as a form of retaliation
Answer: A
The idea that individuals may commit crimes because of the labels placed upon them by society is the focus of:
Differential association theory
B. Labeling theory
C. Rational choice theory
D. Social control theory
Answer: B
According to routine activities theory, which factor is essential for crime to occur?
Lack of capable guardianship
B. A social support system
C. The presence of economic inequality
D. A criminal justice response
Answer: A
In victimology, which term refers to the emotional harm that victims may experience due to crime?
Victim precipitation
B. Victim blaming
C. Secondary victimization
D. Psychological victimization
Answer: D
The “broken windows theory” suggests that:
Small signs of disorder and neglect lead to greater crime
B. Serious crimes are a result of economic inequality
C. Victims play a role in escalating crime
D. Criminal behavior is learned through social interactions
Answer: A
The concept of “victim impact statements” refers to:
Written statements from victims that describe the emotional and financial impact of the crime
B. Legal documents filed by victims to sue offenders
C. Statements from the offender’s family members
D. Descriptions of the crime provided by law enforcement
Answer: A
According to the general strain theory, individuals may engage in crime if they experience:
A negative emotional reaction to stressful events
B. A lack of access to criminal peers
C. Positive reinforcement for non-criminal behavior
D. A strong sense of social control
Answer: A
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