Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common neurological sign in a child with a brain injury?
a) Hyperactivity
b) Seizures
c) Excessive crying
d) Difficulty swallowing
Answer: b) Seizures
A 3-year-old child is brought to the emergency department after a head injury. The child is lethargic and vomiting. What should be the first priority in the management of this child?
a) Administering pain medication
b) Immediate CT scan of the head
c) Elevating the head of the bed
d) Administering fluids
Answer: b) Immediate CT scan of the head
Which of the following is most likely to be seen in a child with cerebral palsy?
a) Progressive muscle weakness
b) Seizures and cognitive delays
c) Progressive vision loss
d) Hearing loss and tinnitus
Answer: b) Seizures and cognitive delays
What is the first-line treatment for a child presenting with a febrile seizure?
a) Antiepileptic drugs
b) Cooling measures and fever reduction
c) Intravenous fluids
d) Steroids
Answer: b) Cooling measures and fever reduction
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with increased intracranial pressure in children?
a) Meningitis
b) Autism spectrum disorder
c) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
d) Down syndrome
Answer: a) Meningitis
A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. What is the most likely treatment?
a) Antidepressants
b) Shunt placement
c) Antibiotics
d) Physical therapy
Answer: b) Shunt placement
What is a common early sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants?
a) Bulging fontanel
b) Fever
c) Jaundice
d) Tachycardia
Answer: a) Bulging fontanel
In a child with a seizure disorder, which of the following is an important teaching point for parents?
a) Discontinuing medications during an illness
b) Withholding food after a seizure
c) Keeping a safe distance and monitoring during a seizure
d) Encouraging the child to sleep after a seizure
Answer: c) Keeping a safe distance and monitoring during a seizure
Which is the most common cause of sudden neurological deterioration in a child with a history of a head injury?
a) Subdural hematoma
b) Stroke
c) Brain tumor
d) Meningitis
Answer: a) Subdural hematoma
Which of the following is a typical manifestation of a child with a spinal cord injury at the C3-C5 level?
a) Paraplegia with preserved sensation
b) Quadriplegia with respiratory distress
c) Hemiplegia
d) Loss of hearing
Answer: b) Quadriplegia with respiratory distress
Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a child with a recent diagnosis of a brain tumor?
a) Encourage normal activity and play
b) Monitor for signs of increased intracranial pressure
c) Limit fluid intake
d) Encourage verbal communication at all times
Answer: b) Monitor for signs of increased intracranial pressure
What is the most common cause of seizures in infants less than 6 months of age?
a) Head trauma
b) Metabolic disorders
c) Meningitis
d) Cerebral palsy
Answer: b) Metabolic disorders
A child with a history of seizures is prescribed a new medication. What is the most important aspect of the nurse’s teaching?
a) Monitor for signs of bleeding
b) Encourage hydration and frequent meals
c) Take the medication at the same time every day
d) Restrict fluid intake to prevent seizures
Answer: c) Take the medication at the same time every day
Which neurological disorder is characterized by the progressive loss of myelin in the central nervous system of children?
a) Multiple sclerosis
b) Guillain-Barré syndrome
c) Leukodystrophy
d) Huntington’s disease
Answer: c) Leukodystrophy
What is a key characteristic of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in children?
a) Progressive loss of motor skills
b) Excessive appetite
c) Hearing impairment
d) Severe developmental delays
Answer: a) Progressive loss of motor skills
A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with meningitis. What is the most important intervention?
a) Provide a warm, quiet environment
b) Administer antibiotics as soon as possible
c) Offer frequent fluids
d) Keep the child in a supine position
Answer: b) Administer antibiotics as soon as possible
Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention for a child with Guillain-Barré syndrome?
a) Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics
b) Administer intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
c) Restrict all physical activity
d) Perform a lumbar puncture
Answer: b) Administer intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
A 6-year-old child is being evaluated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature of ADHD in children?
a) Difficulty staying still and paying attention
b) Recurrent seizures
c) Loss of sensation in limbs
d) Impaired hearing and vision
Answer: a) Difficulty staying still and paying attention
What is the most appropriate action for a nurse when caring for a child after a lumbar puncture?
a) Place the child in a prone position
b) Encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids
c) Administer pain medication immediately
d) Keep the child in a lateral recumbent position for 24 hours
Answer: b) Encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids
Which of the following signs is most likely to indicate a neurological emergency in a child?
a) Occasional headaches
b) Sudden onset of severe headache with vomiting
c) Frequent nosebleeds
d) Difficulty walking after an illness
Answer: b) Sudden onset of severe headache with vomiting
A 2-year-old is diagnosed with a seizure disorder. The parents ask about the long-term outlook. What is the best response?
a) Most children will outgrow seizures by age 5.
b) The seizures may require lifelong treatment.
c) The seizures will stop without treatment.
d) Seizures are always associated with developmental delays.
Answer: b) The seizures may require lifelong treatment.
Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature of pediatric encephalitis?
a) Hyperactivity
b) Acute onset of fever and altered mental status
c) Muscle rigidity and fever
d) Nausea and vomiting only
Answer: b) Acute onset of fever and altered mental status
Which condition is most likely to cause developmental delay in a child with abnormal neurologic findings?
a) Cerebral palsy
b) Epilepsy
c) Meningitis
d) Autism spectrum disorder
Answer: a) Cerebral palsy
A child presents with sudden weakness and loss of vision in one eye. What is the most likely cause?
a) Multiple sclerosis
b) Traumatic brain injury
c) Seizure disorder
d) Hydrocephalus
Answer: a) Multiple sclerosis
Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention for a child with a recent neurological injury who is showing signs of increased intracranial pressure?
a) Administer narcotic pain medications
b) Provide a quiet and darkened environment
c) Administer oral hydration
d) Encourage movement to assess neurological status
Answer: b) Provide a quiet and darkened environment
A 4-year-old child with a history of frequent falls and muscle weakness is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. What is the typical progression of this condition?
a) Sudden onset of loss of motor function
b) Progressive loss of muscle strength, starting in the legs
c) Static motor function after early childhood
d) Rapid deterioration in cognitive function
Answer: b) Progressive loss of muscle strength, starting in the legs
Which of the following signs and symptoms is most commonly associated with a child diagnosed with a brain tumor?
a) Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and irritability
b) Sudden weakness of the extremities
c) Seizures with loss of consciousness
d) Abnormal gait with no other symptoms
Answer: a) Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and irritability
In a child with spina bifida, what is the most critical nursing intervention immediately after birth?
a) Place the infant in a prone position with a sterile dressing over the defect
b) Administer pain medications
c) Perform a neurological exam
d) Begin intravenous fluids
Answer: a) Place the infant in a prone position with a sterile dressing over the defect
Which of the following conditions would most likely result in a positive Kernig’s sign in a child?
a) Brain tumor
b) Meningitis
c) Encephalitis
d) Seizure disorder
Answer: b) Meningitis
Which assessment finding would most strongly suggest a child is experiencing a seizure?
a) Loss of consciousness, jerking movements, and postictal confusion
b) Sudden loss of vision
c) Unilateral weakness and slurred speech
d) Loss of appetite and severe headache
Answer: a) Loss of consciousness, jerking movements, and postictal confusion
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