Sample Questions and Answers
What is the default OSPF hello interval on Ethernet networks?
A. 10 seconds
B. 5 seconds
C. 30 seconds
D. 60 seconds
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
OSPF sends hello packets every 10 seconds on broadcast networks by default.
How does EIGRP classify a route as a feasible successor?
A. When the reported distance is less than the feasible distance
B. When the metric is highest among all routes
C. When it is learned via BGP
D. When it is a static route
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Feasible successors have a reported distance less than the current feasible distance.
In OSPF, what is the purpose of the Designated Router (DR)?
A. To reduce the number of adjacencies on a broadcast network
B. To advertise default routes to other areas
C. To summarize routes between areas
D. To act as a backup router
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The DR reduces the number of OSPF adjacencies by acting as a central point for LSAs on multi-access networks.
Which OSPF LSA type is generated by an ASBR?
A. Type 5 (External LSA)
B. Type 3 (Summary LSA)
C. Type 1 (Router LSA)
D. Type 2 (Network LSA)
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
ASBRs generate Type 5 LSAs to advertise external routes.
What is the role of the ‘router-id’ in OSPF?
A. It uniquely identifies the OSPF router within the domain
B. It determines which router becomes DR
C. It sets the area number
D. It defines the interface cost
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The router ID uniquely identifies each router in OSPF.
How does EIGRP determine the best path to a destination?
A. By selecting the route with the lowest composite metric
B. By selecting the route with the highest bandwidth
C. By selecting the route with the highest delay
D. By selecting the oldest route
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
EIGRP uses a composite metric based on bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load.
What type of route does an EIGRP feasible successor provide?
A. Backup route if the primary route fails
B. Primary route to a destination
C. Static route
D. Default route
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Feasible successors are backup routes that meet the feasibility condition.
In BGP, what is the effect of the ‘network’ command under the BGP router configuration?
A. It advertises the specified network if it exists in the routing table
B. It creates a static route
C. It sets the local preference
D. It filters incoming routes
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The ‘network’ command advertises a network if it exists in the router’s routing table.
What is the default administrative distance of external EIGRP routes?
A. 170
B. 90
C. 120
D. 110
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
EIGRP external routes have an AD of 170.
Which command displays the OSPF link-state database?
A. show ip ospf database
B. show ip ospf neighbor
C. show ip protocols
D. show ip route ospf
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
This command shows all LSAs in the OSPF database.
What BGP attribute is used to influence the path selection on a neighboring AS?
A. MED
B. LOCAL_PREF
C. WEIGHT
D. AS_PATH
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
MED influences route preference on neighboring autonomous systems.
Which OSPF packet type is used to synchronize the link-state database between routers?
A. Database Description (DBD) packet
B. Hello packet
C. Link-state request
D. Link-state update
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
DBD packets summarize the router’s link-state database during adjacency formation.
What is the function of the ‘passive-interface’ command in EIGRP?
A. It prevents sending EIGRP hello packets on the interface
B. It disables EIGRP on the router
C. It changes the router ID
D. It enables authentication
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The command stops EIGRP hellos but allows the network to be advertised.
In OSPF, what does an ABR (Area Border Router) do?
A. Connects one or more OSPF areas to the backbone area
B. Advertises external routes into OSPF
C. Acts as the DR on broadcast networks
D. Summarizes BGP routes
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
ABRs connect multiple OSPF areas and summarize routes between them.
How can you verify EIGRP neighbors on a router?
A. show ip eigrp neighbors
B. show ip protocols
C. show ip eigrp topology
D. show ip route eigrp
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
This command lists all EIGRP neighbors and their status.
What is the default OSPF dead interval on Ethernet networks?
A. 40 seconds
B. 30 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 60 seconds
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
The dead interval is four times the hello interval (10 sec x 4 = 40 sec).
Which of the following is NOT a valid BGP path attribute?
A. Route Tag
B. Weight
C. Local Preference
D. Feasible Distance
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Feasible Distance is an EIGRP metric, not a BGP attribute.
What is the recommended OSPF area type for a remote branch with limited routes?
A. Stub or Totally Stubby area
B. NSSA
C. Backbone area
D. Transit area
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Stub areas reduce routing overhead by blocking external routes.
What command configures a router as an ASBR in OSPF?
A. redistribute [protocol] under OSPF router configuration
B. network [ip] area 0
C. area [area] stub
D. router-id [id]
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Redistribution of external routes into OSPF creates an ASBR.
How does BGP prevent routing loops?
A. By checking the AS_PATH attribute
B. By using TTL expiry
C. By using administrative distance
D. By split horizon
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
If a router sees its own AS in the AS_PATH, it rejects the route.
Which command shows the BGP table entries?
A. show ip bgp
B. show ip route bgp
C. show bgp neighbors
D. show ip protocols
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
show ip bgp displays the BGP routing table.
What is the purpose of the OSPF ‘area stub no-summary’ command?
A. It creates a totally stubby area blocking summary routes
B. It enables route summarization
C. It blocks external routes but allows summaries
D. It converts the area into NSSA
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
This command creates a totally stubby area blocking summary and external routes.
What metric does BGP use by default to select the best path?
A. Weight
B. AS_PATH length
C. MED
D. LOCAL_PREF
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Weight is Cisco proprietary and the first attribute checked in BGP path selection.
Which command enables route summarization on an EIGRP interface?
A. ip summary-address eigrp [asn] [address] [mask]
B. auto-summary
C. network [ip]
D. summary-address
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
This command configures manual summarization on the interface.
Which of the following is NOT true about OSPF neighbors?
A. Neighbors must be in the same area
B. Neighbors must have matching authentication settings
C. Neighbors can be in different autonomous systems
D. Neighbors exchange LSAs after adjacency forms
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
OSPF neighbors must be in the same autonomous system.
What does the ‘show ip route eigrp’ command display?
A. EIGRP-learned routes in the routing table
B. All EIGRP neighbors
C. EIGRP topology table
D. Routing protocols enabled
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
This command shows routes learned via EIGRP.
How can you redistribute OSPF routes into BGP?
A. Use redistribute ospf [process-id] under BGP configuration
B. Use network [ip] in BGP
C. Use router ospf and redistribute bgp
D. Use redistribute static
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Redistribution is configured under the BGP router configuration mode.
Which command can you use to see the OSPF process ID?
A. show ip protocols
B. show ip ospf neighbor
C. show ip route ospf
D. show ip ospf database
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
This command shows the routing protocols and their process IDs.
Which of the following is an OSPF external route type?
A. Type 5 LSA
B. Type 3 LSA
C. Type 1 LSA
D. Type 2 LSA
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Type 5 LSAs represent external routes in OSPF.
What is the function of the BGP ‘next-hop’ attribute?
A. It indicates the IP address to reach the advertised route
B. It sets the preferred path for outbound traffic
C. It prevents routing loops
D. It determines the origin of the route
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Next-hop is the IP address to forward packets to reach the destination.
How can you reduce the number of OSPF LSA updates on a link?
A. Configure OSPF hello and dead intervals to be longer
B. Disable OSPF on the interface
C. Use BGP instead of OSPF
D. Enable EIGRP on the interface
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Increasing hello and dead intervals reduces the frequency of LSAs.
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