Sample Questions and Answers
The “renal control of blood pressure” is primarily mediated by:
A) The release of renin by the kidneys
B) The sympathetic nervous system
C) The vagus nerve
D) The adrenal glands
Answer: A
The “sinoatrial (SA) node” is located in the:
A) Left ventricle
B) Right atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left atrium
Answer: B
The “systolic ejection period” occurs during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
A) Atrial contraction
B) Ventricular contraction
C) Ventricular relaxation
D) Atrial relaxation
Answer: B
The “left atrium” receives oxygenated blood from the:
A) Right ventricle
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Aorta
D) Coronary arteries
Answer: B
The “P wave” in an ECG represents:
A) Ventricular depolarization
B) Atrial depolarization
C) Ventricular repolarization
D) Atrial repolarization
Answer: B
“Aortic stenosis” refers to:
A) Narrowing of the aortic valve
B) Narrowing of the pulmonary valve
C) Inability of the left ventricle to contract properly
D) Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary artery
Answer: A
The “pulse pressure” is the difference between:
A) Systolic and diastolic blood pressures
B) Diastolic and mean arterial pressures
C) Systolic and mean arterial pressures
D) Diastolic and heart rate
Answer: A
The “coronary arteries” supply blood to:
A) The brain
B) The lungs
C) The heart muscle
D) The liver
Answer: C
The “epicardium” is the outermost layer of the:
A) Heart
B) Lung
C) Blood vessels
D) Alveoli
Answer: A
The “cardiopulmonary resuscitation” (CPR) technique is primarily used to:
A) Stimulate the heart to beat again after it stops
B) Improve blood flow to the brain
C) Remove foreign bodies from the airway
D) Improve lung ventilation
Answer: A
The “venous return” to the heart is primarily influenced by:
A) Blood pressure in the arteries
B) The pumping action of the heart
C) The movement of skeletal muscles and the respiratory pump
D) The resistance in the pulmonary circulation
Answer: C
The “main pulmonary artery” carries blood from the:
A) Right atrium to the lungs
B) Right ventricle to the lungs
C) Left atrium to the lungs
D) Left ventricle to the lungs
Answer: B
Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive fluid accumulation in the pleural space?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Pleural effusion
C) Asthma
D) Pulmonary embolism
Answer: B
The “arterial oxygen content” is primarily influenced by:
A) Hemoglobin concentration and the partial pressure of oxygen
B) The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
C) The rate of blood flow through the lungs
D) The oxygen demand of tissues
Answer: A
The “conducting zone” of the respiratory system includes:
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi and bronchioles
C) Capillaries
D) Pulmonary veins
Answer: B
The “oxygen dissociation curve” shifts to the right when:
A) There is an increase in pH
B) There is a decrease in temperature
C) There is an increase in carbon dioxide or temperature
D) Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen increases
Answer: C
The “peripheral chemoreceptors” respond to changes in:
A) Blood pH and carbon dioxide levels
B) Blood oxygen levels only
C) Heart rate
D) Blood pressure
Answer: A
The “diastolic filling time” of the heart is:
A) Shorter during exercise
B) Longer during exercise
C) Unchanged during exercise
D) Decreased at rest
Answer: A
The “left ventricle” pumps oxygenated blood into the:
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Coronary arteries
Answer: B
The “respiratory membrane” consists of:
A) The alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium
B) The alveolar and bronchial epithelium
C) The diaphragm and pleura
D) The intercostal muscles and alveoli
Answer: A
“Central chemoreceptors” primarily monitor:
A) Oxygen levels in the blood
B) Carbon dioxide levels in the cerebrospinal fluid
C) Blood pressure
D) Hemoglobin saturation levels
Answer: B
The “diaphragm” plays a primary role in:
A) Regulating gas exchange in the alveoli
B) Inhalation and exhalation by changing the volume of the thoracic cavity
C) Circulating oxygenated blood to tissues
D) Preventing fluid buildup in the lungs
Answer: B
“Baroreceptors” in the carotid sinus and aortic arch help to:
A) Detect changes in blood pressure
B) Regulate the contraction of the diaphragm
C) Monitor blood oxygen levels
D) Control lung ventilation rate
Answer: A
“Decreased lung compliance” leads to:
A) Increased ease of lung inflation
B) Difficulty in lung inflation
C) Increased gas exchange efficiency
D) Increased lung volume
Answer: B
The “pericardium” is the:
A) Inner lining of the heart
B) Outer membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
C) Valve that regulates blood flow between the atria and ventricles
D) Muscular wall of the heart
Answer: B
The “central venous pressure” (CVP) is a reflection of:
A) The left atrial pressure
B) The pressure in the right atrium
C) The pressure in the pulmonary arteries
D) The pressure in the left ventricle
Answer: B
The “mean pulmonary arterial pressure” (mPAP) is typically:
A) Higher than systemic arterial pressure
B) Lower than systemic arterial pressure
C) Equal to systemic arterial pressure
D) Not measurable in healthy individuals
Answer: B
The “Pneumotaxic center” located in the brainstem helps to:
A) Increase respiratory rate during exercise
B) Limit the duration of inhalation, thus regulating breathing rate
C) Control the depth of inhalation
D) Stimulate the diaphragm to contract
Answer: B
The “pulmonary capillaries” facilitate gas exchange by:
A) Oxygenating the blood from the systemic circulation
B) Removing carbon dioxide from the blood
C) Filtrating blood to remove toxins
D) Absorbing oxygen into the lymphatic system
Answer: B
The “cardiac reserve” refers to:
A) The difference between the heart’s maximum and resting output
B) The maximum output the heart can achieve
C) The resting heart rate
D) The reserve of blood in the heart
Answer: A
The “left atrium” pumps oxygenated blood into the:
A) Left ventricle
B) Pulmonary arteries
C) Aorta
D) Right ventricle
Answer: A
“Chemoreceptor sensitivity” to oxygen is most pronounced at:
A) High blood oxygen levels
B) Low blood oxygen levels
C) Normal blood oxygen levels
D) High blood pH levels
Answer: B
The “QRS complex” on an ECG primarily reflects:
A) Ventricular depolarization
B) Atrial depolarization
C) Ventricular repolarization
D) Atrial repolarization
Answer: A
“Right-sided heart failure” often results in:
A) Pulmonary edema
B) Decreased systemic blood flow
C) Enlargement of the left ventricle
D) High blood pressure in the systemic arteries
Answer: A
The “cardiac action potential” begins with:
A) Sodium ion influx
B) Potassium ion efflux
C) Calcium ion efflux
D) Chloride ion influx
Answer: A
“Embolism” is best defined as:
A) The narrowing of a blood vessel
B) The formation of a blood clot in a vessel
C) The obstruction of a vessel by a foreign body or clot
D) The leakage of blood from a vessel
Answer: C
The “SA node” generates electrical impulses at a rate of approximately:
A) 40-60 beats per minute
B) 60-100 beats per minute
C) 100-120 beats per minute
D) 140-160 beats per minute
Answer: B
“Angina” is typically caused by:
A) An increase in blood flow to the heart
B) A decrease in oxygen delivery to the heart muscle
C) Abnormal heart valve function
D) A heart attack
Answer: B
The “atria” contract to:
A) Empty the ventricles completely
B) Provide additional pressure to fill the ventricles
C) Generate the electrical impulse that leads to ventricular contraction
D) Supply oxygenated blood to the lungs
Answer: B
The “venous return” is increased by:
A) Increased blood volume
B) Decreased respiratory activity
C) Constriction of veins
D) Both A and C
Answer: D
The “pulmonary capillary wedge pressure” (PCWP) is a measure of:
A) Left ventricular preload
B) Right ventricular preload
C) Blood pressure in the lungs
D) Cardiac output
Answer: A
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.