Sample Questions and Answers
- Which ethical principle is most relevant when making end-of-life decisions for terminally ill patients?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Autonomy
D) Veracity
Answer: C - Which of the following is a key argument in favor of physician-assisted suicide?
A) It respects patient autonomy and the right to die with dignity.
B) It reduces the financial burden on healthcare institutions.
C) It ensures doctors have more control over patient outcomes.
D) It promotes societal efficiency in resource allocation.
Answer: A - Which ethical theory supports the idea that euthanasia is morally acceptable if it results in the greatest overall happiness?
A) Deontology
B) Virtue ethics
C) Utilitarianism
D) Natural law theory
Answer: C - The principle of double effect is often applied in cases involving:
A) Active euthanasia
B) Palliative sedation
C) Involuntary euthanasia
D) Genetic modification
Answer: B - Which ethical concern arises with brain death criteria for determining death?
A) The definition of consciousness remains ambiguous.
B) Brain death does not align with religious definitions of death.
C) Brain-dead patients can still experience pain.
D) Organ transplantation is illegal for brain-dead patients.
Answer: B
- A physician refusing to treat a patient due to their inability to pay violates which ethical principle?
A) Justice
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Autonomy
D) Veracity
Answer: A - Which of the following is an ethical concern with informed consent?
A) Patients may lack full understanding of medical procedures.
B) Doctors are required to follow patient requests blindly.
C) Patients must always agree to treatment.
D) Informed consent eliminates the need for ethical review boards.
Answer: A - Which principle is violated when a physician withholds a serious diagnosis from a patient?
A) Justice
B) Autonomy
C) Beneficence
D) Nonmaleficence
Answer: B - A doctor using experimental treatment without the patient’s knowledge violates which ethical principle?
A) Justice
B) Veracity
C) Autonomy
D) Both B and C
Answer: D - Which term describes the ethical obligation of healthcare professionals to prioritize patient welfare over personal gain?
A) Paternalism
B) Professionalism
C) Beneficence
D) Confidentiality
Answer: C - What is one ethical concern regarding AI decision-making in healthcare?
A) AI lacks the ability to make ethical judgments.
B) AI decisions are always superior to human ones.
C) AI eliminates the need for ethical committees.
D) AI reduces medical errors to zero.
Answer: A - Which ethical principle is directly related to maintaining patient confidentiality?
A) Veracity
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Fidelity
D) Justice
Answer: C - Which of the following is a key ethical concern regarding rationing of healthcare resources?
A) It disproportionately affects vulnerable populations.
B) It ensures fair distribution of resources.
C) It always follows an objective standard.
D) It removes subjectivity from medical decision-making.
Answer: A
- Which ethical guideline ensures that research subjects participate voluntarily?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Informed consent
C) Paternalism
D) Confidentiality
Answer: B - Which ethical violation occurred in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
A) Lack of informed consent and deception
B) Use of unauthorized treatments
C) Misuse of public healthcare funds
D) Exposure to radiation without consent
Answer: A - Which document serves as the foundational international ethical code for human research?
A) The Belmont Report
B) The Declaration of Helsinki
C) The Nuremberg Code
D) The Hippocratic Oath
Answer: C - Which of the following is an ethical concern with using placebos in clinical trials?
A) Patients may unknowingly receive ineffective treatment.
B) Placebos are always harmful.
C) Placebo use is illegal in medical research.
D) Placebos violate doctor-patient confidentiality.
Answer: A - Which ethical principle is most relevant in protecting participants from harm in research?
A) Autonomy
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Justice
D) Veracity
Answer: B - Which of the following is a reason why financial incentives in medical research are ethically controversial?
A) They may unduly influence participants’ decisions.
B) They eliminate ethical concerns about consent.
C) They guarantee research findings are valid.
D) They ensure all participants are treated equally.
Answer: A - What is the primary ethical concern in genetic research involving human embryos?
A) Potential for eugenics and designer babies
B) Increased research costs
C) Lack of technological advancements
D) Limited participation in studies
Answer: A - Which of the following is a major ethical issue in animal testing?
A) Ensuring that research findings are profitable
B) Balancing scientific benefits with animal welfare
C) Using only rodents for experiments
D) Eliminating human involvement in research
Answer: B - Which of the following is a requirement for conducting ethical human research?
A) Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval
B) Mandatory financial compensation
C) Public voting on research methods
D) Eliminating the need for informed consent
Answer: A - Which ethical principle is violated if researchers falsify data?
A) Beneficence
B) Autonomy
C) Veracity
D) Nonmaleficence
Answer: C - Which of the following is an ethical issue with gene editing technologies like CRISPR?
A) The possibility of unintended genetic consequences
B) The elimination of all genetic disorders
C) The lack of technological feasibility
D) The inability to apply it to humans
Answer: A - Which ethical principle is most relevant in deciding whether to publish controversial medical research findings?
A) Justice
B) Veracity
C) Nonmaleficence
D) Autonomy
Answer: B - What is a common ethical issue with pharmaceutical companies funding medical research?
A) Potential conflicts of interest
B) Reduction in research costs
C) Elimination of placebo use
D) Increased patient autonomy
Answer: A - Which ethical principle is central to the debate over stem cell research?
A) Respect for human dignity
B) Paternalism
C) Fidelity
D) Confidentiality
Answer: A - Which of the following is a requirement for ethical clinical trials?
A) A balance between risks and potential benefits
B) The use of only male participants
C) Compensation for all participants
D) Mandatory participation
Answer: A - Which of the following is an ethical risk in the commercialization of genetic testing?
A) Privacy breaches and misuse of genetic data
B) Elimination of disease risk
C) Increased scientific literacy
D) Enhanced patient autonomy
Answer: A - Which ethical principle requires researchers to fairly distribute the benefits and burdens of research?
A) Autonomy
B) Justice
C) Veracity
D) Beneficence
Answer: B
- Which of the following is an ethical challenge in organ transplantation?
A) Ensuring equality in organ distribution
B) The need for patients to pay for organs
C) The use of animals for organ donation
D) Limiting access to transplant lists based on age
Answer: A - What does the concept of “futile care” refer to in bioethics?
A) Providing care when a patient’s death is imminent despite treatment
B) Offering only experimental treatments for rare diseases
C) Withholding care based on economic factors
D) Prioritizing life-saving care over comfort measures
Answer: A - In the context of life and death decisions, which ethical principle most directly addresses respect for individual wishes?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Beneficence
Answer: B - What is the main concern in the debate over cloning for reproductive purposes?
A) Genetic diversity and potential harm to society
B) It allows individuals to create multiple versions of themselves
C) It violates religious and moral beliefs about human creation
D) It leads to an increase in healthcare costs
Answer: C - Which ethical principle supports a physician’s decision to provide comfort care over aggressive treatments in the terminal phase of life?
A) Paternalism
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Beneficence
D) Justice
Answer: B
- Which of the following is a key ethical issue with the implementation of electronic health records (EHR)?
A) The increased cost of healthcare
B) The risk of breaching patient confidentiality
C) The loss of jobs for medical professionals
D) The challenge of paper-based records
Answer: B - Which ethical dilemma arises when healthcare providers disclose a patient’s HIV-positive status to a spouse without patient consent?
A) Violation of privacy and confidentiality
B) Providing a direct benefit to the spouse
C) Benefiting public health at the cost of individual autonomy
D) Both A and C
Answer: D - Which ethical principle suggests that healthcare providers must avoid harm to patients while maximizing benefits?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Justice
C) Autonomy
D) Beneficence
Answer: A - The ethical concept of “patient-centered care” emphasizes:
A) Maximizing patient autonomy and involvement in decisions
B) Minimizing patient rights for efficiency
C) Prioritizing hospital policy over patient choice
D) Allocating medical resources based on cost-benefit analysis
Answer: A
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