Sample Questions and Answers
Which AWS service provides ready-made AI services like text translation, text-to-speech, and image recognition?
A. Amazon SageMaker
B. AWS Lambda
C. Amazon Rekognition
D. Amazon Personalize
Answer: C. Amazon Rekognition
Explanation: Amazon Rekognition provides pre-trained computer vision capabilities such as object detection, facial analysis, and moderation. Other ready-made services include Amazon Translate and Polly.
Which AWS service is used to build, train, and deploy ML models at scale?
A. Amazon Comprehend
B. Amazon Lex
C. Amazon SageMaker
D. AWS Glue
Answer: C. Amazon SageMaker
Explanation: Amazon SageMaker is a comprehensive ML platform that allows users to build, train, and deploy models in the cloud efficiently.
What type of machine learning does Amazon Personalize primarily use?
A. Unsupervised Learning
B. Reinforcement Learning
C. Collaborative Filtering
D. Convolutional Neural Networks
Answer: C. Collaborative Filtering
Explanation: Amazon Personalize uses collaborative filtering techniques to provide real-time personalized recommendations for users.
Which service is best for extracting text and data from scanned documents?
A. Amazon Polly
B. Amazon Textract
C. Amazon Rekognition
D. Amazon Comprehend
Answer: B. Amazon Textract
Explanation: Amazon Textract is designed to automatically extract printed text, handwriting, forms, and tables from scanned documents.
What is the primary function of AWS DeepRacer?
A. To automate deep learning pipelines
B. To teach reinforcement learning using a racing simulator
C. To detect anomalies in cloud applications
D. To deploy NLP models
Answer: B. To teach reinforcement learning using a racing simulator
Explanation: AWS DeepRacer provides a fun and hands-on way to get started with reinforcement learning via a self-driving car simulator.
Which AWS service allows conversational interface creation with voice and text?
A. Amazon Lex
B. Amazon Polly
C. AWS Lambda
D. Amazon Transcribe
Answer: A. Amazon Lex
Explanation: Amazon Lex enables the building of chatbots and conversational interfaces using voice and text powered by the same technology as Alexa.
What is overfitting in machine learning?
A. When the model fits too loosely to the data
B. When the model performs well on training data but poorly on new data
C. When a model has high bias
D. When a model has too few parameters
Answer: B. When the model performs well on training data but poorly on new data
Explanation: Overfitting occurs when a model captures noise or irrelevant patterns in training data and fails to generalize.
Which AWS service converts text to lifelike speech?
A. Amazon Lex
B. Amazon Polly
C. Amazon Translate
D. Amazon Rekognition
Answer: B. Amazon Polly
Explanation: Amazon Polly converts text into natural-sounding speech using deep learning techniques.
What does “bias” in a machine learning model refer to?
A. Random error in the data
B. Deviation due to overfitting
C. Systematic error due to incorrect assumptions
D. Missing values in the dataset
Answer: C. Systematic error due to incorrect assumptions
Explanation: Bias refers to assumptions made by the model that may limit its accuracy or fairness.
Which AWS service provides real-time transcription of speech to text?
A. Amazon Comprehend
B. Amazon Polly
C. Amazon Transcribe
D. AWS Glue
Answer: C. Amazon Transcribe
Explanation: Amazon Transcribe enables automatic speech recognition (ASR) for converting speech to text in real time.
What kind of learning uses labeled data?
A. Supervised learning
B. Unsupervised learning
C. Reinforcement learning
D. Federated learning
Answer: A. Supervised learning
Explanation: Supervised learning involves training a model using input-output pairs (labeled data).
Which AWS service analyzes text to extract insights like sentiment and entities?
A. Amazon SageMaker
B. Amazon Comprehend
C. AWS Glue
D. Amazon Translate
Answer: B. Amazon Comprehend
Explanation: Amazon Comprehend uses NLP to extract key phrases, entities, sentiment, and language from text.
What is the purpose of AWS Inferentia?
A. A service for data labeling
B. A GPU type optimized for 3D rendering
C. A chip designed for deep learning inference
D. A framework for testing model accuracy
Answer: C. A chip designed for deep learning inference
Explanation: AWS Inferentia is a custom chip built by AWS to accelerate ML inference at a lower cost.
Which method helps prevent overfitting?
A. Data duplication
B. Increasing model complexity
C. Cross-validation
D. Skipping data preprocessing
Answer: C. Cross-validation
Explanation: Cross-validation splits data into subsets for training and validation to check model performance and avoid overfitting.
Which of the following is NOT a typical phase in the ML workflow?
A. Data Collection
B. Model Interpretation
C. Encryption at Rest
D. Model Deployment
Answer: C. Encryption at Rest
Explanation: Encryption at rest is a security practice, not a direct part of the ML lifecycle.
What AWS tool can automate the data labeling process?
A. AWS Label Studio
B. Amazon SageMaker Ground Truth
C. AWS Glue DataBrew
D. AWS Artifact
Answer: B. Amazon SageMaker Ground Truth
Explanation: SageMaker Ground Truth uses machine learning and human workers to label data efficiently.
Which technique is used in Natural Language Processing for understanding word meanings?
A. Regression
B. Tokenization
C. Clustering
D. Reinforcement
Answer: B. Tokenization
Explanation: Tokenization splits text into smaller units (tokens), often used in NLP to interpret text data.
What is the output of a classification model?
A. A continuous number
B. A category or class label
C. A data pipeline
D. A model accuracy score
Answer: B. A category or class label
Explanation: Classification models output a class or category to which input data belongs.
Which AWS service enables ML-powered forecasting?
A. Amazon Forecast
B. Amazon Aurora
C. AWS Step Functions
D. Amazon EventBridge
Answer: A. Amazon Forecast
Explanation: Amazon Forecast provides time-series forecasting using ML models based on historical data.
What is data drift in machine learning?
A. When training data is encrypted
B. A gradual change in model accuracy
C. A change in data distribution over time
D. A type of cloud-native backup
Answer: C. A change in data distribution over time
Explanation: Data drift refers to shifts in the input data that can affect model performance.
What is a confusion matrix used for?
A. Data visualization
B. Measuring model performance in classification
C. Checking feature importance
D. Training large datasets
Answer: B. Measuring model performance in classification
Explanation: The confusion matrix shows true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives.
What is the role of a feature in ML?
A. It is the final model output
B. A tuning parameter
C. An individual measurable property or characteristic
D. A deployment configuration
Answer: C. An individual measurable property or characteristic
Explanation: Features are input variables used by ML models to make predictions.
What does AutoML in AWS SageMaker do?
A. Automatically labels datasets
B. Automatically writes code for models
C. Builds, trains, and tunes models with minimal input
D. Converts models to speech
Answer: C. Builds, trains, and tunes models with minimal input
Explanation: SageMaker Autopilot automates the ML process, enabling users to deploy models without deep expertise.
Which AWS service lets you build customized NLP workflows?
A. Amazon Translate
B. Amazon Comprehend Custom
C. AWS Amplify
D. AWS Snowball
Answer: B. Amazon Comprehend Custom
Explanation: Amazon Comprehend Custom allows training of custom entity recognition and classification models.
What is meant by “model interpretability”?
A. Ease of model tuning
B. How understandable the model’s decisions are
C. Ability to deploy the model
D. Feature scalability
Answer: B. How understandable the model’s decisions are
Explanation: Model interpretability refers to how easily a human can understand the reasoning behind a model’s predictions.
Which AWS AI service is best suited for custom image classification with minimal coding?
A. Amazon SageMaker Studio Lab
B. Amazon Rekognition
C. Amazon Lookout for Vision
D. Amazon Polly
Answer: C. Amazon Lookout for Vision
Explanation: Amazon Lookout for Vision allows building image analysis models without ML experience or extensive code.
What metric is used for evaluating classification models besides accuracy?
A. Loss Function
B. F1 Score
C. Mean Squared Error
D. R-squared
Answer: B. F1 Score
Explanation: F1 Score balances precision and recall and is especially useful for imbalanced datasets.
What is precision in a classification model?
A. True positives / (true positives + false positives)
B. True negatives / total predictions
C. False negatives / total actual positives
D. Total errors / total data
Answer: A. True positives / (true positives + false positives)
Explanation: Precision measures how many of the predicted positives were actually correct.
Which AWS tool helps you monitor deployed ML models for bias and drift?
A. Amazon CloudTrail
B. SageMaker Clarify
C. AWS Artifact
D. Amazon GuardDuty
Answer: B. SageMaker Clarify
Explanation: SageMaker Clarify helps detect bias in datasets and models and monitors them over time.
What is the benefit of using Amazon SageMaker Studio?
A. Serverless document storage
B. Real-time streaming analytics
C. Integrated ML IDE for end-to-end workflows
D. Database migration
Answer: C. Integrated ML IDE for end-to-end workflows
Explanation: SageMaker Studio provides an integrated development environment for ML that supports all stages from data prep to deployment.
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