Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Exam Practice Questions and Answers

218 Questions and Anwers
Rated 5.00 out of 5 based on 1 customer rating
(1 customer review)

$9.99

Mastering the interpretation of arterial blood gases (ABGs) is essential for nurses, respiratory therapists, and healthcare professionals involved in critical care and emergency medicine. This Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Exam Practice Questions and Answers resource is designed to help you build confidence and accuracy when analyzing ABG results in clinical settings.

This high-yield practice exam covers core topics including acid-base balance, respiratory vs. metabolic imbalances, compensation mechanisms, oxygenation status, and pH interpretation. It provides real-world clinical scenarios that test your understanding of metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and mixed disorders.

Each question is written to reflect NCLEX-style formatting, emphasizing critical thinking and clinical application. You’ll be challenged to interpret ABG lab values and apply your knowledge to identify the underlying condition, recognize compensation patterns, and determine appropriate nursing or medical interventions.

Ideal for students preparing for the NCLEX-RN, HESI, ATI, and other nursing or allied health exams, this quiz also reinforces essential concepts for learners in respiratory therapy, critical care, emergency nursing, and anesthesia support. Key concepts such as PaCO₂, HCO₃, pH, SaO₂, PaO₂, and their clinical significance are thoroughly addressed.

Beyond exam preparation, this resource is also valuable for professionals seeking a refresher in ABG interpretation. You’ll learn how to connect ABG readings to patient symptoms, assess ventilation and oxygenation, and make informed clinical decisions in high-pressure environments.

The Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Exam Practice Questions and Answers quiz is structured to help you build a step-by-step approach to interpreting ABG results with precision and confidence. By practicing with this tool, you can sharpen your skills, identify gaps in understanding, and enhance your readiness for both classroom assessments and clinical challenges.

Sample Questions and Answers

Which of the following represents normal arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 30 mEq/L
B. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 35 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 22 mEq/L
C. pH 7.35, PaCO₂ 45 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 28 mEq/L
D. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 20 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 15 mEq/L

Answer: B

A pH of 7.30, PaCO of 50 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ of 24 mEq/L indicates:

Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

Answer: B

The term “compensated respiratory acidosis” means:

pH < 7.35, PaCO₂ ↑, HCO₃⁻ ↑
B. pH normal, PaCO₂ ↑, HCO₃⁻ ↑
C. pH > 7.45, PaCO₂ ↑, HCO₃⁻ ↓
D. pH normal, PaCO₂ ↓, HCO₃⁻ ↓

Answer: B

Which of the following can cause metabolic acidosis?

Vomiting
B. Hypoventilation
C. Diarrhea
D. Hyperventilation

Answer: C

What compensatory mechanism occurs in metabolic alkalosis?

Hyperventilation
B. Hypoventilation
C. Increased bicarbonate excretion
D. Increased bicarbonate reabsorption

Answer: B

A patient has pH 7.50, PaCO 30 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L. This is indicative of:

Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis

Answer: B

The anion gap is useful in diagnosing:

Respiratory alkalosis
B. Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
C. High-anion gap metabolic acidosis
D. Compensated respiratory acidosis

Answer: C

A pH of 7.20, PaCO 60 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 28 mEq/L indicates:

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
D. Mixed acidosis

Answer: B

Which ABG abnormality is commonly seen in sepsis?

Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

Answer: A

A patient with an opioid overdose is likely to present with:

Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis

Answer: C

PaO levels below 60 mmHg are classified as:

Hypercapnia
B. Hypoxia
C. Hypoxemia
D. Hyperventilation

Answer: C

Which of the following represents uncompensated metabolic acidosis?

pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 35 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L
B. pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 25 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 18 mEq/L
D. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 26 mEq/L

Answer: A

Respiratory alkalosis is commonly caused by:

Hypoventilation
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Hyperventilation
D. Kidney failure

Answer: C

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is most likely to have:

Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis

Answer: C

If PaCO increases, what happens to the pH?

It increases
B. It decreases
C. It remains unchanged
D. It fluctuates

Answer: B

A patient with pH 7.38, PaCO 48 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 29 mEq/L has:

Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis
B. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Mixed acidosis
D. Normal ABG

Answer: B

Hyperventilation during a panic attack results in:

Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis

Answer: C

Which electrolyte imbalance often accompanies metabolic alkalosis?

Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia

Answer: B

An ABG shows pH 7.55, PaCO 25 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L. The interpretation is:

Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory acidosis

Answer: B

What is the primary buffer system in the body?

Phosphate buffer system
B. Bicarbonate buffer system
C. Protein buffer system
D. Hemoglobin buffer system

Answer: B

Hypoxemia is defined as:

PaO₂ < 80 mmHg
B. PaO₂ < 60 mmHg
C. PaO₂ > 100 mmHg
D. PaO₂ < 50 mmHg

Answer: B

Diabetic ketoacidosis typically results in:

Metabolic acidosis with high anion gap
B. Metabolic alkalosis with normal anion gap
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

Answer: A

Which ABG finding is most consistent with acute asthma exacerbation?

Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Mixed alkalosis

Answer: C

Prolonged vomiting results in:

Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

Answer: C

Which compensatory mechanism is expected in respiratory acidosis?

Increased bicarbonate retention
B. Increased CO₂ excretion
C. Decreased bicarbonate reabsorption
D. Increased hydrogen ion excretion

Answer: A

The kidneys regulate pH by:

Adjusting PaO₂ levels
B. Adjusting PaCO₂ levels
C. Retaining or excreting bicarbonate
D. Retaining or excreting CO₂

Answer: C

A pH of 7.28, PaCO of 55 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ of 26 mEq/L suggests:

Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Mixed acidosis
D. Compensated respiratory acidosis

Answer: A

In which condition is PaCO likely to decrease?

Hypoventilation
B. Pneumonia
C. Hyperventilation
D. COPD

Answer: C

Mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis may occur in:

Sepsis
B. Chronic renal failure
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Pulmonary embolism

Answer: A

What is the normal range for HCO₃⁻ in ABG analysis?

20-25 mEq/L
B. 22-28 mEq/L
C. 24-30 mEq/L
D. 25-35 mEq/L

Answer: B

1 review for Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Exam Practice Questions and Answers

  1. Rated 5 out of 5

    Emily Parker

    I recently used StudyLance’s Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Exam Practice Questions and Answers, and it really helped solidify my understanding of ABG analysis. The 218 questions cover everything—from acid-base balance to compensation mechanisms and mixed disorders—with realistic, NCLEX-style scenarios—exactly what I needed to build confidence before clinicals. It was quick to download, affordable at $9.99, and genuinely boosted my ability to interpret pH, PaCO₂, HCO₃⁻, and oxygenation values with accuracy. Highly recommend this as focused practice that makes clinical concepts click.

Add a review

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Shopping Cart
Scroll to Top