Sample Questions and Answers
What is the primary adaptation of skeletal muscle to chronic aerobic training?
A) Increased glycogen storage and improved aerobic enzymes
B) Decreased mitochondrial density and muscle oxygen uptake
C) Decreased capillary density and reduced endurance
D) Decreased oxidative enzymes and increased glycolytic capacity
Answer: A
How does chronic strength training influence the type of muscle fibers used during maximal strength efforts?
A) Decreases recruitment of type I fibers
B) Increases recruitment of type II fibers, particularly during maximal efforts
C) Decreases recruitment of type II fibers
D) No change in the fiber recruitment pattern during maximal efforts
Answer: B
How does chronic aerobic training affect skeletal muscle’s reliance on carbohydrates during exercise?
A) Increases carbohydrate oxidation at all intensities
B) Decreases carbohydrate oxidation during submaximal exercise
C) No change in carbohydrate oxidation
D) Increases reliance on carbohydrates during prolonged, low-intensity exercise
Answer: B
What is the primary effect of chronic aerobic training on cardiovascular function during submaximal exercise?
A) Decreased stroke volume and increased heart rate
B) Decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume
C) No change in stroke volume but increased heart rate
D) Decreased cardiac output at all intensities
Answer: B
How does chronic endurance training affect muscle fiber recruitment during long-duration activities?
A) Increases recruitment of fast-twitch fibers to improve power output
B) Decreases recruitment of slow-twitch fibers due to decreased endurance capacity
C) Increases recruitment of slow-twitch fibers to enhance endurance
D) No change in muscle fiber recruitment
Answer: C
What happens to maximal power output following chronic resistance training?
A) Maximal power output decreases due to muscle fatigue
B) Maximal power output increases due to improved neural activation and muscle hypertrophy
C) Maximal power output remains unchanged
D) Maximal power output decreases due to muscle stiffness
Answer: B
How does chronic aerobic training affect muscle recovery following prolonged exercise?
A) Decreases recovery time due to reduced muscle glycogen stores
B) No change in recovery time
C) Decreases recovery time due to improved mitochondrial function and fat metabolism
D) Increases recovery time due to greater muscle fiber damage
Answer: C
What is the effect of long-term endurance training on cardiac output during maximal exercise?
A) Decreased cardiac output due to improved stroke volume
B) Increased cardiac output due to an increase in heart rate
C) No effect on cardiac output
D) Increased cardiac output due to both increased stroke volume and heart rate
Answer: D
What happens to plasma volume after chronic endurance training?
A) Plasma volume decreases
B) Plasma volume remains unchanged
C) Plasma volume increases, contributing to improved cardiovascular efficiency
D) Plasma volume decreases only at maximal exercise intensities
Answer: C
How does chronic resistance training affect muscle glycogen storage?
A) Increases muscle glycogen storage capacity due to increased muscle mass
B) Decreases muscle glycogen storage due to an increase in fat storage
C) No change in muscle glycogen storage
D) Increases muscle glycogen storage only in type I fibers
Answer: A
What happens to the cardiovascular system during chronic endurance training regarding blood flow distribution?
A) Decreased blood flow to active muscles and increased flow to non-exercising tissues
B) Increased blood flow to active muscles and improved oxygen delivery
C) No change in blood flow distribution
D) Decreased blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles
Answer: B
What is the effect of chronic aerobic training on ventilatory efficiency during exercise?
A) Decreased ventilatory efficiency due to increased CO2 production
B) Increased ventilatory efficiency and decreased breathing rate during submaximal exercise
C) No effect on ventilatory efficiency
D) Decreased ventilatory efficiency at all intensities
Answer: B
How does chronic resistance training affect the neuromuscular junction?
A) Increases the size of the neuromuscular junction, improving neural transmission
B) Decreases the number of motor units recruited
C) No change in neuromuscular junction structure
D) Increases synaptic fatigue during high-intensity training
Answer: A
How does long-term aerobic exercise affect plasma lipid profiles?
A) Decreases HDL and increases LDL cholesterol
B) Increases HDL cholesterol and decreases LDL and triglycerides
C) Increases both LDL and HDL cholesterol
D) No change in plasma lipid profiles
Answer: B
What happens to mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle as a result of chronic endurance training?
A) Mitochondrial volume decreases due to increased glycogen stores
B) Mitochondrial volume remains the same
C) Mitochondrial volume increases, enhancing oxidative metabolism
D) Mitochondrial volume increases but decreases muscle oxygen uptake
Answer: C
How does chronic endurance training affect the ventilatory threshold?
A) Decreases the ventilatory threshold, leading to earlier onset of ventilation
B) Increases the ventilatory threshold, delaying the onset of ventilation
C) No change in the ventilatory threshold
D) Increases ventilatory threshold, but only in trained athletes
Answer: B
What is the primary effect of chronic resistance training on the type of motor units recruited during maximal exercise?
A) Recruitment of type IIb motor units decreases
B) Recruitment of type IIa motor units increases due to hypertrophy
C) Recruitment of type I motor units increases significantly
D) No change in the motor unit recruitment pattern
Answer: B
How does long-term aerobic training impact the body’s ability to perform prolonged submaximal exercise?
A) Increases the rate of glycogen depletion during exercise
B) Decreases the time it takes to fatigue, improving endurance
C) Increases the ability to rely on aerobic metabolism, reducing fatigue
D) Decreases fat oxidation and relies more on carbohydrates
Answer: C
How does chronic endurance training affect muscle capillary density?
A) No change in muscle capillary density
B) Increases capillary density, improving oxygen delivery to muscle fibers
C) Decreases capillary density due to hypertrophy of muscle fibers
D) Decreases capillary density, limiting blood flow during exercise
Answer: B
What happens to the cardiovascular system after chronic endurance training in terms of resting heart rate?
A) Resting heart rate increases due to increased stroke volume
B) Resting heart rate decreases due to improved cardiac efficiency
C) No change in resting heart rate
D) Resting heart rate remains the same but increases during exercise
Answer: B
How does chronic strength training affect maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max)?
A) VO2max increases due to enhanced cardiovascular function
B) VO2max remains unchanged as strength training mainly improves strength
C) VO2max decreases due to reduced reliance on oxidative pathways
D) VO2max increases but only in endurance-trained athletes
Answer: B
What is the effect of chronic resistance training on resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
A) RMR decreases due to the increase in fat mass
B) RMR remains unchanged despite increased muscle mass
C) RMR increases due to an increase in lean body mass
D) RMR decreases due to decreased muscle activity during rest
Answer: C
How does chronic endurance training impact the efficiency of the cardiovascular system during submaximal exercise?
A) Decreases cardiovascular efficiency due to reduced stroke volume
B) Increases cardiovascular efficiency, reducing heart rate at the same intensity
C) No effect on cardiovascular efficiency
D) Decreases the efficiency of oxygen delivery to tissues
Answer: B
What happens to the oxidative capacity of fast-twitch fibers with chronic aerobic training?
A) Fast-twitch fibers become more glycolytic and reduce oxidative capacity
B) Fast-twitch fibers increase their oxidative capacity, becoming more efficient at using oxygen
C) Fast-twitch fibers undergo hypertrophy but retain their glycolytic capacity
D) Fast-twitch fibers become slow-twitch fibers with increased endurance
Answer: B
How does chronic resistance training influence the force-length relationship of muscles?
A) Increases the optimal length at which maximum force is produced
B) Decreases the optimal length at which maximum force is produced
C) No change in the force-length relationship
D) Decreases the overall force production capability
Answer: A
What is the impact of long-term aerobic training on respiratory function during high-intensity exercise?
A) Decreases tidal volume due to improved metabolic efficiency
B) Increases tidal volume, reducing the need for rapid breathing
C) No effect on respiratory function during high-intensity exercise
D) Decreases ventilation and increases respiratory rate
Answer: B
What is the effect of chronic aerobic training on the lactate threshold?
A) Lactate threshold decreases, leading to earlier lactate accumulation
B) Lactate threshold increases, allowing athletes to work at higher intensities before lactate accumulation
C) Lactate threshold remains unchanged after training
D) Lactate threshold becomes irrelevant with training
Answer: B
How does chronic endurance training impact the ability of the muscles to utilize oxygen during exercise?
A) Decreases oxygen utilization at lower intensities
B) Increases oxygen utilization, enhancing aerobic performance
C) No change in oxygen utilization efficiency
D) Decreases oxygen utilization but increases glycogen reliance
Answer: B
What happens to the blood volume in response to chronic aerobic training?
A) Decreases, reducing the body’s ability to transport oxygen
B) Increases due to an increase in plasma volume and red blood cell count
C) No change in blood volume
D) Decreases, leading to increased hematocrit levels
Answer: B
How does long-term resistance training affect the size of type I muscle fibers?
A) Type I fibers increase significantly in size due to hypertrophy
B) Type I fibers remain the same size but increase in endurance capacity
C) Type I fibers decrease in size due to conversion to type II fibers
D) Type I fibers become more glycolytic but do not hypertrophy significantly
Answer: B
How does chronic resistance training affect muscle fiber recruitment patterns during maximal effort exercises?
A) Recruitment of type I fibers decreases, with more reliance on type II fibers
B) Recruitment of type II fibers increases, enhancing strength and power output
C) Recruitment of type II fibers decreases, relying more on type I fibers
D) Recruitment pattern is unaffected by chronic strength training
Answer: B
How does chronic aerobic training impact cardiac hypertrophy?
A) Cardiac hypertrophy decreases due to reduced exercise intensity
B) Cardiac hypertrophy increases due to improved stroke volume and contractility
C) Cardiac hypertrophy remains the same
D) Cardiac hypertrophy decreases but improves heart rate regulation
Answer: B
What is the effect of chronic resistance training on muscle fiber oxidative capacity?
A) Increases oxidative capacity in fast-twitch fibers
B) Decreases oxidative capacity in type I fibers
C) Increases oxidative capacity in slow-twitch fibers due to hypertrophy
D) No change in oxidative capacity of muscle fibers
Answer: A
How does chronic endurance training affect the efficiency of the musculoskeletal system during repetitive movement?
A) Decreases the efficiency of movement due to greater fatigue
B) Increases the efficiency of movement, requiring less energy for the same work
C) No change in musculoskeletal efficiency during repetitive movements
D) Increases the efficiency but only at maximal efforts
Answer: B
What effect does chronic aerobic training have on the total volume of circulating blood?
A) Decreases blood volume due to increased muscle mass
B) Increases blood volume due to an increase in plasma and red blood cells
C) No effect on blood volume
D) Decreases blood volume but increases erythropoiesis significantly
Answer: B
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.