Sample Questions and Answers
The “force-velocity curve” in muscle physiology shows:
A) The relationship between muscle force and contraction velocity
B) The rate at which muscle power is generated
C) The correlation between muscle fiber type and muscle contraction velocity
D) The relationship between muscle endurance and force generation
Answer: A
“Tendon stiffness” is crucial for:
A) Preventing joint injury during high-impact activities
B) Storing and releasing elastic energy during dynamic movements
C) Maximizing the metabolic efficiency of muscle contractions
D) Reducing the rate of fatigue during prolonged activities
Answer: B
The “viscoelasticity” of tissues is important because:
A) It allows tissues to return to their original shape after deformation
B) It enables tissues to resist deformation during rapid movements
C) It allows tissues to store and dissipate mechanical energy
D) It helps tissues contract and generate force during exercise
Answer: C
The “impulse” generated by a muscle contraction is equal to:
A) The change in momentum of the body
B) The total work done by the muscle
C) The energy expended during the contraction
D) The torque produced by the muscle at the joint
Answer: A
The “moment arm” in biomechanical analysis refers to:
A) The distance from the joint center to the point of force application
B) The amount of force a muscle can produce during contraction
C) The direction of the force generated by a muscle
D) The angle at which a muscle force acts relative to the joint
Answer: A
The “eccentric contraction” of a muscle occurs when:
A) The muscle shortens while generating force
B) The muscle lengthens while generating force
C) The muscle remains the same length during contraction
D) The muscle produces no force
Answer: B
In biomechanical terms, “stiffness” refers to:
A) The ability of a tissue to resist deformation when a force is applied
B) The maximum amount of force a muscle can generate during contraction
C) The flexibility of a joint during movement
D) The ability of a tissue to store energy during elastic deformation
Answer: A
The “elastic modulus” of biological tissues measures:
A) The tissue’s ability to resist deformation under stress
B) The energy absorbed by tissues during deformation
C) The rate of muscle contraction during activity
D) The amount of force exerted by muscles during a movement
Answer: A
“Isokinetic” exercise refers to:
A) Exercise performed at a constant speed with variable resistance
B) Exercise performed at a variable speed with constant resistance
C) Exercise where the muscle generates force at a fixed angle
D) Exercise performed at a constant muscle length with varying velocity
Answer: A
The “load-deformation curve” describes:
A) The relationship between the force applied to a tissue and the resulting strain
B) The changes in muscle force over time
C) The amount of energy expended during a movement
D) The relationship between muscle power and muscle length
Answer: A
The “conservation of angular momentum” is a principle that:
A) States that angular momentum remains constant if no external torque acts on a body
B) Describes the energy required to maintain rotational movement
C) Refers to the loss of energy during deceleration
D) Describes the transfer of energy between linear and rotational motion
Answer: A
The “sliding filament theory” explains:
A) The contraction process at the molecular level within muscles
B) The interaction between muscles and bones during movement
C) The storage and release of energy in tendons during movement
D) The coordination between the nervous system and muscles during action
Answer: A
“Angular velocity” is defined as:
A) The change in angle of a body segment divided by the time taken for that change
B) The force exerted by a muscle on a body segment during rotation
C) The rate of change in the body’s linear velocity
D) The rate at which force is applied during a movement
Answer: A
“Kinetic energy” in biomechanics is dependent on:
A) The mass and the square of the velocity of the moving body
B) The force exerted by muscles during movement
C) The rate at which muscles contract and generate force
D) The moment arm length during a joint action
Answer: A
The “ground reaction force” during walking is:
A) Equal to the weight of the body
B) Inversely proportional to the velocity of walking
C) A force exerted by the ground in response to the body’s movement
D) Only present during the swing phase of walking
Answer: C
“Muscle power” is determined by:
A) The force generated by a muscle multiplied by its contraction velocity
B) The energy expended by a muscle during contraction
C) The torque produced at a joint during movement
D) The total work done by the muscle during a movement
Answer: A
The “biomechanical efficiency” of a movement is maximized when:
A) The force generated by muscles is minimized to save energy
B) The energy expenditure is minimized for a given work output
C) The velocity of movement is maximized to achieve higher performance
D) The joint angles are optimized for maximal muscle strength
Answer: B
“Stress-strain curve” analysis is used to:
A) Study the force exerted by muscles during contraction
B) Understand the deformation of tissues in response to an applied force
C) Calculate the amount of energy expended during movement
D) Measure the impact of external forces on the joints
Answer: B
The “principle of leverage” in biomechanics states that:
A) The force required to move an object is inversely related to the moment arm length
B) The moment of inertia of a body is directly proportional to its mass
C) The torque produced by a muscle is independent of the joint angle
D) The longer the moment arm, the less force is needed to produce the same torque
Answer: D
The “human gait cycle” includes:
A) The alternating phases of stance and swing, and the transition between them
B) The continuous movement of the body’s center of mass during running
C) The muscular contractions that occur during jumping and landing
D) The sequence of movements that involve only the lower limbs
Answer: A
“Kinematics” in biomechanics focuses on:
A) The study of the forces and torques during human movement
B) The analysis of joint angles and body segment motions during movement
C) The measurement of metabolic energy during physical activity
D) The study of the mechanical properties of tissues during deformation
Answer: B
The “strain rate” of a tissue refers to:
A) The amount of deformation experienced per unit time under stress
B) The total strain produced during a movement cycle
C) The velocity at which a tissue is subjected to a force
D) The change in tissue elasticity during rapid movement
Answer: A
“Moment of force” is calculated by:
A) Multiplying the force applied by the distance from the axis of rotation
B) Dividing the force applied by the joint angle
C) Subtracting the muscle force from the joint torque
D) Dividing the torque by the moment arm length
Answer: A
The “crossover point” in the force-velocity relationship occurs when:
A) The muscle is able to produce the highest power output
B) The muscle generates maximum force during slow contractions
C) The muscle velocity increases as the force decreases
D) The muscle is unable to generate any force during rapid contractions
Answer: A
“Tendon loading” during high-intensity movements results in:
A) Decreased muscle force production
B) Increased tendon stiffness and energy return
C) Increased muscle lengthening and slower contraction speed
D) Greater joint instability during landing phases
Answer: B
“Joint stability” during dynamic movements is primarily influenced by:
A) The muscular forces and joint structures during movement
B) The velocity of the body segment during the movement
C) The stiffness of the tendons and ligaments around the joint
D) The external forces acting on the body during movement
Answer: A
“Muscle architecture” refers to:
A) The arrangement and structure of muscle fibers relative to the muscle tendon
B) The specific force production capacity of individual muscle fibers
C) The alignment of the body segments during movement
D) The pattern of movement in response to neurological input
Answer: A
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