Sample Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the basic unit of life?
A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Cell
D) Tissue
Answer: C) Cell
Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made up of cells.
What is the role of the ribosomes in a cell?
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Energy production
D) Waste removal
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA is called:
A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Mutation
Answer: B) Transcription
Explanation: Transcription is the process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template.
Which of the following is responsible for carrying impulses away from the cell body of a neuron?
A) Dendrites
B) Axon
C) Synapse
D) Neurotransmitters
Answer: B) Axon
Explanation: The axon carries electrical impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or muscles.
Which type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
A) Ligaments
B) Tendons
C) Cartilage
D) Bone tissue
Answer: B) Tendons
Explanation: Tendons are tough connective tissues that connect muscles to bones, enabling movement.
Which of the following organs is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Stomach
D) Kidneys
Answer: B) Pancreas
Explanation: The pancreas functions in digestion by secreting enzymes and in the endocrine system by releasing insulin and glucagon.
Which of the following is a function of the skin?
A) Production of vitamin D
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Protection from pathogens
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The skin plays a key role in producing vitamin D, regulating temperature, and protecting the body from pathogens.
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
A) Regulate body temperature
B) Coordinate and control body activities
C) Provide structural support
D) Transport oxygen to tissues
Answer: B) Coordinate and control body activities
Explanation: The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and controlling body functions through electrical signals and communication between the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Which of the following structures is involved in the regulation of blood pressure?
A) Lungs
B) Kidneys
C) Skin
D) Liver
Answer: B) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood (through fluid balance) and releasing the enzyme renin, which affects blood vessel constriction.
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Produces insulin
B) Provides structural support for the body
C) Synthesizes proteins
D) Absorbs nutrients from food
Answer: B) Provides structural support for the body
Explanation: The skeletal system provides the framework for the body, supporting and protecting organs, and facilitating movement.
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus
Answer: C) Medulla oblongata
Explanation: The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Circulation of oxygen
C) Immune defense and fluid balance
D) Regulation of metabolism
Answer: C) Immune defense and fluid balance
Explanation: The lymphatic system is responsible for immune defense by filtering lymph and returning excess fluid to the bloodstream.
Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?
A) It is under voluntary control
B) It is found in the heart
C) It has striations
D) It is found in the walls of hollow organs
Answer: D) It is found in the walls of hollow organs
Explanation: Smooth muscle is non-striated and is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.
The process by which glucose is broken down to release energy is called:
A) Glycolysis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Respiration
Answer: A) Glycolysis
Explanation: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy in the form of ATP.
Which of the following structures in the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?
A) Trachea
B) Alveoli
C) Larynx
D) Bronchi
Answer: B) Alveoli
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and the air.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
A) Transport of gases and nutrients
B) Regulation of body activities through hormones
C) Production of antibodies
D) Filtration of waste
Answer: B) Regulation of body activities through hormones
Explanation: The endocrine system regulates various body functions, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction, through the release of hormones.
The process by which an organism’s body temperature is maintained within a narrow range is called:
A) Osmoregulation
B) Thermoregulation
C) Respiration
D) Homeostasis
Answer: B) Thermoregulation
Explanation: Thermoregulation is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal body temperature despite external temperature fluctuations.
Which of the following is true about the human immune system?
A) It is composed solely of white blood cells
B) It only defends the body against bacteria
C) It includes both nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms
D) It only functions during infection
Answer: C) It includes both nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms
Explanation: The immune system has both nonspecific defenses (such as barriers and inflammation) and specific defenses (such as antibodies and T cells) that protect the body from pathogens.
Which of the following is a function of the pancreas?
A) Production of bile
B) Secretion of insulin and glucagon
C) Filtration of toxins
D) Production of digestive enzymes
Answer: B) Secretion of insulin and glucagon
Explanation: The pancreas secretes insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises blood sugar, regulating glucose metabolism.
What is the role of the diaphragm during breathing?
A) It increases the volume of the chest cavity during inhalation
B) It controls the rate of gas exchange
C) It secretes mucus to trap particles
D) It produces oxygen for the body
Answer: A) It increases the volume of the chest cavity during inhalation
Explanation: The diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inhalation, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and allowing air to enter the lungs.
Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) snRNA
Answer: C) mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for higher functions such as thinking, decision-making, and problem-solving?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: C) Cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, decision-making, and sensory processing.
Which of the following structures is part of the integumentary system?
A) Skin
B) Bones
C) Heart
D) Muscles
Answer: A) Skin
Explanation: The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system, which also includes hair, nails, and sweat glands, and it serves to protect the body.
The process by which the body produces an immune response to a pathogen is called:
A) Immunization
B) Inflammation
C) Phagocytosis
D) Immune response
Answer: D) Immune response
Explanation: The immune response involves the body’s defense mechanisms, including the production of antibodies and activation of immune cells, to fight pathogens.
Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive system?
A) Esophagus
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Kidney
Answer: D) Kidney
Explanation: The kidneys are part of the excretory system, not the digestive system. The digestive system includes the esophagus, pancreas, and liver.
The function of the myelin sheath around a neuron is to:
A) Protect the neuron from damage
B) Speed up the transmission of electrical impulses
C) Produce neurotransmitters
D) Store genetic material
Answer: B) Speed up the transmission of electrical impulses
Explanation: The myelin sheath insulates the axon, allowing electrical impulses to travel faster along the neuron.
The process by which the body breaks down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy is called:
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Homeostasis
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: B) Catabolism
Explanation: Catabolism is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process.
Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disorder?
A) Diabetes type 2
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Tuberculosis
D) Common cold
Answer: B) Multiple sclerosis
Explanation: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve cells, disrupting communication between the brain and body.
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