Sample Questions and Answers
- What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Neuron
D. Synapse
Answer: C. Neuron - Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Cerebellum - Which type of neuron carries impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?
A. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Interneurons
D. Efferent neurons
Answer: B. Sensory neurons - What is the function of myelin sheath?
A. Protect the neuron
B. Insulate axons and speed up signal transmission
C. Conduct electrical impulses
D. Form synapses
Answer: B. Insulate axons and speed up signal transmission - Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Serotonin
D. Epinephrine
Answer: A. Acetylcholine - What is the primary function of the spinal cord?
A. Process emotions
B. Relay information to and from the brain
C. Store memories
D. Produce hormones
Answer: B. Relay information to and from the brain - Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: D. Occipital lobe - The central nervous system consists of which two structures?
A. Brain and cranial nerves
B. Brain and spinal cord
C. Spinal cord and peripheral nerves
D. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Answer: B. Brain and spinal cord - Which glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?
A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia
Answer: C. Oligodendrocytes - Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
A. Thalamus
B. Corpus callosum
C. Hypothalamus
D. Medulla
Answer: B. Corpus callosum - What is the role of the hypothalamus?
A. Regulate muscle movement
B. Control autonomic functions and endocrine system
C. Process auditory signals
D. Store long-term memories
Answer: B. Control autonomic functions and endocrine system - Which part of a neuron receives signals?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Synaptic cleft
D. Soma
Answer: B. Dendrite - Which ion is primarily responsible for the resting membrane potential?
A. Sodium (Na⁺)
B. Potassium (K⁺)
C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
D. Chloride (Cl⁻)
Answer: B. Potassium (K⁺) - The peripheral nervous system includes which of the following?
A. Brain and spinal cord
B. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
C. Brainstem and spinal cord
D. Sensory cortex and motor cortex
Answer: B. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves - What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A. Carry blood to the brain
B. Insulate neurons
C. Protect the CNS and remove waste
D. Transmit electrical signals
Answer: C. Protect the CNS and remove waste - Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
A. Optic nerve (II)
B. Olfactory nerve (I)
C. Facial nerve (VII)
D. Vagus nerve (X)
Answer: A. Optic nerve (II) - What type of ion channel is responsible for generating an action potential?
A. Chemically-gated ion channels
B. Voltage-gated ion channels
C. Leakage ion channels
D. Ligand-gated ion channels
Answer: B. Voltage-gated ion channels - Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
A. Parasympathetic
B. Sympathetic
C. Somatic
D. Enteric
Answer: B. Sympathetic - Which brain region is essential for speech production?
A. Broca’s area
B. Wernicke’s area
C. Amygdala
D. Hippocampus
Answer: A. Broca’s area - What is a synapse?
A. A type of neuron
B. A gap between neurons for signal transmission
C. A bundle of axons
D. A receptor on a neuron
Answer: B. A gap between neurons for signal transmission - The sensory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: C. Parietal lobe - Which cranial nerve controls heart rate and digestion?
A. Trigeminal nerve (V)
B. Accessory nerve (XI)
C. Vagus nerve (X)
D. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Answer: C. Vagus nerve (X) - Which structure in the brain acts as a relay station for sensory information?
A. Hippocampus
B. Thalamus
C. Amygdala
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Thalamus - Which region of the brain regulates body temperature?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pons
D. Medulla oblongata
Answer: B. Hypothalamus - Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the brain?
A. Glutamate
B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
C. Acetylcholine
D. Serotonin
Answer: B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?
A. Store neurotransmitters
B. Accelerate signal conduction along axons
C. Attach axons to cell bodies
D. Provide energy for neurons
Answer: B. Accelerate signal conduction along axons - Which part of the nervous system regulates involuntary actions?
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Peripheral nervous system
Answer: B. Autonomic nervous system - What is the largest part of the human brain?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Thalamus
Answer: A. Cerebrum - Which ion triggers the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft?
A. Sodium (Na⁺)
B. Potassium (K⁺)
C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
D. Chloride (Cl⁻)
Answer: C. Calcium (Ca²⁺) - What type of glial cell supports immune defense in the CNS?
A. Schwann cells
B. Microglia
C. Astrocytes
D. Oligodendrocytes
Answer: B. Microglia
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