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Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System Exam Questions and Answers

150 Questions and Answers

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Strengthen your knowledge of the human skeletal framework with this expertly crafted set of Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System Exam Questions and Answers. Whether you’re a nursing student, pre-med learner, or preparing for any health science exam, this practice quiz provides a thorough review of the bones, joints, and supporting structures essential to human anatomy.

Key topics covered in this exam include:

  • Bone classification: long, short, flat, and irregular bones

  • Functions of the skeletal system: support, protection, movement, and hematopoiesis

  • Major bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton

  • Bone growth and development: ossification, remodeling, and hormonal influence

  • Structure and function of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

  • Common skeletal disorders: fractures, osteoporosis, arthritis, scoliosis

  • Compact vs. spongy bone anatomy, including Haversian systems

  • Bone tissue types, bone cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts), and calcium regulation

  • Interactive multiple-choice questions with detailed explanations

This exam prep quiz is ideal for reinforcing key anatomical concepts and improving your retention of skeletal system functions and clinical relevance. Every question is designed to mirror real test scenarios and help you build confidence in your understanding.

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Sample Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Support
B. Blood cell production
C. Hormone regulation
D. Protection

Answer: C. Hormone regulation

What is the primary structural component of compact bone?

Osteocytes
B. Lamellae
C. Osteons
D. Canaliculi

Answer: C. Osteons

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

Osteoblast
B. Osteocyte
C. Osteoclast
D. Chondrocyte

Answer: C. Osteoclast

The diaphysis of a long bone is made up of which type of bone?

Compact bone
B. Spongy bone
C. Trabecular bone
D. Articular cartilage

Answer: A. Compact bone

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Yellow bone marrow
B. Red bone marrow
C. Periosteum
D. Endosteum

Answer: B. Red bone marrow

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Saddle joint

Answer: B. Ball-and-socket joint

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Humerus
B. Femur
C. Sternum
D. Clavicle

Answer: C. Sternum

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones?

Elastic cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Articular cartilage

Answer: D. Articular cartilage

The cranial suture that separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones is the:

Sagittal suture
B. Lambdoid suture
C. Coronal suture
D. Squamous suture

Answer: C. Coronal suture

What is the name of the process where bones grow in length?

Appositional growth
B. Intramembranous ossification
C. Endochondral ossification
D. Epiphyseal growth

Answer: C. Endochondral ossification

Which mineral is most important for bone strength?

Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Iron

Answer: C. Calcium

The vertebrae are classified as which type of bone?

Long bones
B. Flat bones
C. Irregular bones
D. Short bones

Answer: C. Irregular bones

Which part of the long bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

Diaphysis
B. Periosteum
C. Metaphysis
D. Medullary cavity

Answer: C. Metaphysis

What is the anatomical term for the collarbone?

Scapula
B. Clavicle
C. Humerus
D. Sternum

Answer: B. Clavicle

The appendicular skeleton includes which of the following?

Skull
B. Ribs
C. Pelvic girdle
D. Vertebrae

Answer: C. Pelvic girdle

The hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the:

Central canal
B. Medullary cavity
C. Periosteum
D. Spongy cavity

Answer: B. Medullary cavity

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Femur
B. Radius
C. Mandible
D. Scapula

Answer: C. Mandible

Which joint allows for rotation around a single axis?

Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Gliding joint

Answer: C. Pivot joint

Osteoporosis primarily affects which type of bone?

Compact bone
B. Spongy bone
C. Trabecular bone
D. Both compact and spongy bone

Answer: D. Both compact and spongy bone

What structure connects muscles to bones?

Ligaments
B. Tendons
C. Cartilage
D. Periosteum

Answer: B. Tendons

What type of bone forms the external layers of flat bones?

Compact bone
B. Spongy bone
C. Trabecular bone
D. Irregular bone

Answer: A. Compact bone

The zygomatic bone is also known as the:

Cheekbone
B. Jawbone
C. Nasal bone
D. Forehead

Answer: A. Cheekbone

The vertebral column has how many regions?

3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Answer: C. 5

The patella is an example of which type of bone?

Long bone
B. Flat bone
C. Sesamoid bone
D. Irregular bone

Answer: C. Sesamoid bone

Which bone is located in the forearm?

Femur
B. Radius
C. Humerus
D. Tibia

Answer: B. Radius

The periosteum is the:

Inner lining of bone cavities
B. Outer fibrous covering of bones
C. Cartilage at the ends of bones
D. Space within spongy bone

Answer: B. Outer fibrous covering of bones

The foramen magnum is a feature of which bone?

Frontal bone
B. Occipital bone
C. Temporal bone
D. Parietal bone

Answer: B. Occipital bone

The primary role of the osteoblast is to:

Break down bone
B. Deposit new bone matrix
C. Maintain bone tissue
D. Resorb calcium

Answer: B. Deposit new bone matrix

Which bone is part of the pectoral girdle?

Scapula
B. Femur
C. Pelvis
D. Sternum

Answer: A. Scapula

Which type of joint is found between the bones of the skull?

Synovial joint
B. Fibrous joint
C. Cartilaginous joint
D. Ball-and-socket joint

Answer: B. Fibrous joint

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